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Depth and habitat determine assemblage structure of South Africa's warm-temperate reef fish

机译：深度和栖息地决定了南非温带礁鱼的组装结构

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Depth and habitat are important predictors of fish assemblage structure, yet current no-take marine protected area (MPA) networks are generally limited to providing refuge for fish species that inhabit shallow waters and may exclude deep habitats essential to exploited populations. To ensure MPA efficacy at the design, uptake and management levels, baseline data on fish populations associated with deep nearshore reefs are needed. This study employed baited remote underwater stereo-video systems to investigate fish habitat associations at shallow (11-25 m) and deep (45-75 m) reef sites in the Tsitsikamma National Park MPA, South Africa. The compositions of fish assemblages at shallow and deep reef sites were significantly different. Specifically, rare species, juveniles and low trophic level species dominated the shallow reef, while deep reef assemblages were characterised by large, sexually mature and predatory fish. The body size of abundant species was also correlated with depth, with larger individuals being more abundant on deeper reefs. Habitat types were identified according to a habitat classification system established in a previous study, which resulted in four broad depth separated habitat types (defined by macrobenthos and environmental variables). Canonical analysis of principle coordinates (CAP) indicated that habitat type was a good categorical predictor of the observed fish assemblages. The CAP analysis determined that 86 % of the samples were correctly assigned to the habitat type from which they were collected, indicating that specific fish assemblages were associated with distinct habitat types. This study highlights the importance of protecting both shallow and deep reefs, not only to ensure the conservation of particular fish assemblages, but also to provide protection for all stages of the life cycle of fish species.
机译：深度和栖息地是鱼类聚集结构的重要预测指标，但是目前的不捕捞海洋保护区（MPA）网络通常仅限于为居住在浅水区的鱼类提供庇护，并可能排除对被开发种群至关重要的深层栖息地。为了确保MPA在设计，摄取和管理水平上的功效，需要与近岸暗礁相关的鱼类种群的基线数据。这项研究使用诱饵的远程水下立体视频系统来调查南非Tsitsikamma国家公园MPA的浅礁（11-25 m）和深礁（45-75 m）鱼类的栖息地关联。浅礁区和深礁区的鱼群组成明显不同。具体来说，稀有物种，幼体和低营养水平物种主导着浅礁，而深礁群则以大型，有性成熟和掠食性鱼类为特征。丰富物种的体型也与深度相关，更大的个体在更深的珊瑚礁上更丰富。根据先前研究中建立的栖息地分类系统，确定了栖息地类型，从而得出了四种广泛的深度分离栖息地类型（由大型底栖动物和环境变量定义）。原则坐标（CAP）的规范分析表明，栖息地类型是观察到的鱼群的良好分类预测指标。 CAP分析确定86％的样品已正确分配到收集它们的栖息地类型，表明特定的鱼类组合与不同的栖息地类型相关。这项研究强调了保护浅礁和深礁的重要性，不仅要确保对特定鱼类的保护，还要为鱼类生命周期的所有阶段提供保护。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2016年第7期|158.1-158.17|共17页
  • 作者

    Heyns-Veale E. R.; Bernard A. T. F.; Richoux N. B.; Parker D.; Langlois T. J.; Harvey E. S.; Gotz A.;

  • 作者单位

    Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, POB 94, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa|SAIAB, Private Bag 1015, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa|South African Environm Observat Network, Private Bag 1015, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa;

    Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, POB 94, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa|SAIAB, Private Bag 1015, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa;

    Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, POB 94, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa;

    South African Environm Observat Network, Private Bag 1015, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa|Rhodes Univ, Dept Ichthyol & Fisheries Sci, POB 94, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa;

    Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia|Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;

    Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, Bentley, WA, Australia;

    South African Environm Observat Network, Private Bag 1015, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa|Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Zool, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa;

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