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Common traits associated with establishment and spread of Lessepsian fishes in the Mediterranean Sea

机译：地中海里氏鱼类的建立和传播的共同特征

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摘要

It was more than 30 years after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 that the first reports on Indo-Pacific fishes entering the Mediterranean Sea (so-called 'Lessepsian migration') were published. The number of new records of Lessepsian fishes remained more or less constant between 1920 and 2000 but increased dramatically after that. The accelerated rate of entry was attributed by many authors to an increase in the Mediterranean surface water temperature. However, the Suez Canal has been repeatedly deepened and widened during the last decades and the increased immigration rate of Red Sea fishes might also be related to reduced dispersal barriers. We analyse the relationship between dispersal and establishment success and a pool of different traits for 101 Lessepsian fish species using generalized linear models. Our models did not reveal a significant relationship between the sea surface temperature in the native range of immigrant fishes and their dispersal or establishment success in the Mediterranean Sea. The minimum depth in which a species was observed was the only significant trait influencing dispersal success. This trait is likely related to the architecture of the Suez Canal since until the 1970s only species with a very low minimum depth were recorded to have entered the Mediterranean, but species occurring in deeper water started to immigrate after 1980 when the canal was deepened to 19.5 m. The establishment success of Lessepsian fishes was significantly linked to size and spawning type. Benthic spawners and species with adhesive eggs represent successful colonizers. Moreover, successful colonizers are species with a tendency to form schools, whereas solitary species are less successful. The results show that dispersal and establishment success of Lessepsian fish immigrants are influenced by different ecological traits.
机译：自1869年苏伊士运河开放以来，已有30多年的历史了，第一批有关印度太平洋鱼类进入地中海的报道（所谓的“莱塞波斯移民”）。里氏鱼类的新记录数量在1920年至2000年之间大致保持不变，但此后急剧增加。许多作者将进入速度加快归因于地中海地表水温升高。然而，在过去的几十年中，苏伊士运河不断地被加深和拓宽，红海鱼类的移民率增加也可能与分散障碍的减少有关。我们使用广义线性模型分析了101个Lessepsian鱼物种的传播与建立成功之间的关系以及不同性状的集合。我们的模型没有揭示移民鱼类的本地范围内的海面温度与其在地中海的扩散或建立成功之间的显着关系。观察到物种的最小深度是影响扩散成功的唯一重要特征。此特征可能与苏伊士运河的建筑有关，因为直到1970年代，只有极小深度非常低的物种才进入地中海，但是在更深的水中发生的物种在1980年运河加深至19.5之后才开始移民。米莱氏鱼类的成功建立与大小和产卵类型密切相关。底栖产卵器和带有粘性卵的物种是成功的定居者。此外，成功的定居者是倾向于形成学校的物种，而孤独的物种则不太成功。结果表明，Lessepsian鱼移民的传播和建立成功受到不同生态特征的影响。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2015年第10期|2141-2153|共13页
  • 作者

    Arndt Erik; Schembri Patrick J.;

  • 作者单位

    Anhalt Univ Appl Sci, Dept 1, D-06406 Bernburg, Germany;

    Univ Malta, Dept Biol, Msida 2080, MSD, Malta;

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