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The parrotfish-coral relationship: refuting the ubiquity of a prevailing paradigm

机译：鹦嘴鱼与珊瑚的关系：驳斥普遍存在的范式的普遍性

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It has become almost paradigmatic in the coral reef literature that fishing-induced reductions of parrotfish abundance cause benthic phase shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance. This study examined the alternatives of top-down control of the benthos by parrotfish density and bottom-up control of parrotfish density by the benthos at four Philippine islands in a long-term (7.5-30 years) "natural experiment". No-take marine reserves (NTMRs) demonstrated that fishing reduced parrotfish density significantly at two islands (Sumilon, Mantigue), but not significantly at two other islands (Apo, Selinog). There was no evidence that cover of hard coral decreased, nor macroalgal cover increased, in fished areas relative to NTMRs, no evidence that parrotfish density affected hard coral cover significantly, and thus no evidence of top-down, fishing-induced benthic phase shifts at all four islands. There was, however, compelling evidence that benthos (cover of dead substrata and hard coral) exerted strong bottom-up control on parrotfish density. This bottom-up control was demonstrated most clearly by major environmental disturbances (e.g. typhoons, coral bleaching) that changed benthic habitat and, subsequently, parrotfish density. As hard coral cover declined (and cover of dead substratum increased), parrotfish density increased and vice versa. This response occurred in both major parrotfish feeding guilds (scrapers and excavators). This long-term study on heavily fished coral reefs suggests that the benthos drives the parrotfish, not the other way around. The paradigm of fishing-induced benthic phase shifts may not apply to all coral reefs at all times. Multiple drivers of benthic change on coral reefs should always be considered.
机译：在珊瑚礁文献中几乎已经成为一种范式，即捕捞引起的鹦嘴鱼丰度的降低导致底栖相变从珊瑚到大型藻类优势。这项研究在长期（7.5-30年）的“自然实验”中研究了通过鹦嘴鱼密度自上而下控制底栖动物和通过底栖动物自下而上控制鹦嘴鱼密度的替代方法。禁止捕捞的海洋保护区（NTMRs）表明，捕鱼在两个岛屿（苏米隆，曼提格）显着降低了鹦嘴鱼的密度，但在其他两个岛屿（阿波，塞利诺格）则没有显着降低。没有证据表明相对于NTMRs，在捕捞区域中硬珊瑚的覆盖减少，而大型藻类的覆盖也没有增加，没有证据表明鹦嘴鱼的密度显着影响硬珊瑚的覆盖，因此没有证据表明自上而下的，捕鱼引起的底栖相移。所有四个岛屿。但是，有令人信服的证据表明，底栖动物（死去的基质和坚硬的珊瑚的覆盖物）对鹦鹉鱼的密度起了自下而上的控制作用。这种自下而上的控制最明显地受到主要环境扰动（例如台风，珊瑚褪色）的影响，这些扰动改变了底栖生物的栖息地，进而改变了鹦嘴鱼的密度。随着硬珊瑚覆盖率的下降（死基质的覆盖率增加），鹦嘴鱼的密度增加，反之亦然。在两个主要的鹦嘴鱼饲养协会（刮板和挖掘机）中都发生了这种反应。这项对重度捕鱼的珊瑚礁的长期研究表明，底栖动物驱动着鹦嘴鱼，而不是相反。捕鱼引起的底栖相移的范式可能并不总是适用于所有珊瑚礁。应始终考虑对珊瑚礁底栖变化的多种驱动力。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2015年第10期|2029-2045|共17页
  • 作者

    Russ Garry R.; Questel Sarah-Lee A.; Rizzari Justin R.; Alcala Angel C.;

  • 作者单位

    James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    Silliman Univ, Angelo King Ctr Res & Environm Management, Dumaguete 6200, Philippines;

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