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Ascidians as models for studying invasion success

机译：海鞘作为研究入侵成功的模型

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摘要

During the past three decades, coastal marine waters have become among the most invaded habitats globally. Ascidians are among the most notorious invaders in these ecosystems. Owing to their rapid spread, frequent population outbreaks, and associated negative ecological and economic impacts, invasive ascidians have become a global problem. Thus, the study of ascidian invasions has become a prominent area of invasion biology. Here, we review current knowledge and conclude that ascidians are good models for studying invasion success in the marine realm. Firstly, we summarize the reconstruction of invasion pathways or colonization histories and associated negative impacts of invasive ascidians, and address the urgent need to clarify ambiguous taxonomy of ascidians. Secondly, we discuss factors that underlie or facilitate invasion success of ascidians, including vectors of introduction and spread, environmental changes, biological traits, and possible genetic issues. Finally, we summarize current science-based policies and management solutions that are in place to prevent and control spread of invasive ascidians. We conclude by highlighting key research questions that remain to be answered, and propose future research to investigate mechanisms of invasion success in the marine realm using ascidians as model systems.
机译：在过去的三十年中，沿海海水已成为全球入侵最严重的栖息地之一。海鞘是这些生态系统中最臭名昭著的入侵者之一。由于其迅速传播，频繁的人口暴发以及相关的负面生态和经济影响，侵入性海鞘已成为全球性问题。因此，对海鞘入侵的研究已成为入侵生物学的一个突出领域。在这里，我们回顾了当前的知识并得出结论，认为海员是研究海洋领域入侵成功的良好模型。首先，我们总结了入侵途径或定殖历史的重建以及入侵性海鞘的相关负面影响，并解决了澄清海鞘类群分类的迫切需要。其次，我们讨论了影响或促进海生动物成功入侵的因素，包括引入和传播的媒介，环境变化，生物学特性以及可能的遗传问题。最后，我们总结了当前以科学为基础的政策和管理解决方案，这些策略和管理解决方案可预防和控制侵入性海鞘的传播。最后，我们着重强调了尚待解决的关键研究问题，并提出了今后的研究，以使用海鞘作为模型系统研究海洋领域入侵成功的机制。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2015年第12期|2449-2470|共22页
  • 作者

    Zhan Aibin; Briski Elizabeta; Bock Dan G.; Ghabooli Sara; MacIsaac Hugh J.;

  • 作者单位

    Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China;

    Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Expt Ecol, D-24105 Kiel, Germany;

    Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;

    Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada;

    Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada;

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