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Is habitat amount important for biodiversity in rocky shore systems? A study of South African mussel assemblages

机译：栖息地数量对多岩石的海岸系统中的生物多样性重要吗？南非贻贝组合研究

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摘要

Habitat-forming species on rocky shores are often subject to high levels of exploitation, but the effects of subsequent habitat loss and fragmentation on associated species and the ecosystem as a whole are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of habitat amount on the fauna associated with mussel beds were investigated, testing for the existence of threshold effects at small landscape scales. Specifically, the relationships between mussel or algal habitat amount and: associated biodiversity, associated macrofaunal abundance and density of mussel recruits were studied at three sites (Kidd's Beach, Kayser's Beach and Kini Bay) on the southern and south-eastern coasts of South Africa. Samples, including mussel-associated macrofauna, of 10 × 10 cm were taken from areas with 100 % mussel cover (Perna perna or a combination of P. perna and Mytilus galloprovincialis) at each site. The amount of habitat provided by mussels and algae surrounding the sampled areas was thereafter determined at the 4.0 m_2 scale. A number of significant positive relationships were found between the amount of surrounding mussel habitat and the abundances of several taxa (Anthozoa, Malacostraca and Nemertea). Likewise, there were positive relationships between the amount of surrounding algal habitat and total animal abundance as well as abundance of mussel recruits at one site, Kini Bay. In contrast, abundance of mussel recruits showed a significant negative relationship with the amount of mussel habitat at Kayser's Beach. Significant negative relationships were also detected between the amount of mussel habitat and species richness and total abundance at Kidd's Beach, and between amount of mussel habitat and the abundance of many taxa (Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Maxillopoda, Ophiuroidea, Polychaeta and Pycnogonida) at all three sites. No threshold effects were found, nor were significant relationships consistent across the investigated sites. The results indicate that the surrounding landscape is important in shaping the structure of communities associated with these mussel beds, with significant effects of the amount of surrounding habitat per se. The strength and the direction of habitat effects vary, however, between shores and probably with the scale of observation as well as with the studied dependent variables (e.g. diversity, abundance, mussel recruitment, species identity), indicating the complexity of the processes structuring macrofaunal communities on these shores.
机译：多岩石海岸生境物种经常受到高度剥削，但随后生境丧失和破碎化对相关物种和整个生态系统的影响知之甚少。在这项研究中，调查了栖息地数量对与贻贝床有关的动物的影响，并测试了在小景观尺度下阈值效应的存在。具体而言，在南非南部和东南沿海的三个地点（基德海滩，凯塞尔海滩和基尼湾）研究了贻贝或藻类栖息地数量与相关生物多样性，相关大型动物丰度和贻贝募集者密度之间的关系。从每个地点的贻贝覆盖率为100％的贻贝（Perna perna或P. perna和Mytilus galloprovincialis的组合）区域采集10×10 cm的样本，包括与贻贝相关的大型动物。此后，以4.0 m_2的规模确定由贻贝和藻类围绕采样区域提供的栖息地数量。在周围的贻贝栖息地数量与几种分类单元（Anthozoa，Malacostraca和Nemertea）的丰度之间发现了许多显着的正相关关系。同样，在基尼湾一个地点，周围藻类栖息地的数量与动物的总丰度以及贻贝的丰富度之间也存在正相关关系。相比之下，大量的贻贝新人与凯塞尔海滩上的贻贝栖息地数量显着负相关。在所有三个地区，贻贝栖息地的数量与物种丰富度和总丰度之间，以及贻贝栖息地的数量与许多分类单元（双壳纲，腹足纲，最大纲纲，蛇形纲，多毛纲和多毛纲）的丰度之间也发现了显着的负相关关系。网站。没有发现阈值效应，在整个调查地点之间也没有显着的一致性。结果表明，周围的景观对于塑造与这些贻贝床相关的群落结构非常重要，这对周围栖息地本身的数量产生了重大影响。然而，栖息地影响的强度和方向不同，在海岸之间也可能随观测规模以及所研究的因变量（例如多样性，丰度，贻贝募集，物种特性）而变化，这表明构造大型动物的过程十分复杂。这些海岸上的社区。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2014年第7期|1507-1519|共13页
  • 作者

    Jennifer Jungerstam; Johan Erlandsson; Christopher D. McQuaid; Franceses Porri; Mats Westerbom; Patrik Kraufvelin;

  • 作者单位

    Environmental and Marine Biology, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520 Abo, Finland;

    Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,Laensstyrelsen Vaestra Goetalands Iaen, Ekelundsgatan 1, 40340 Goeteboerg, Sweden;

    Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;

    Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa,South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Somerset Street,Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa;

    Metsaehallitus, Natural Heritage Services, P.O. Box 94,01301 Vantaa, Finland,Tvaerminne Zoological Station, J.A. Palmens vaeg 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland;

    Environmental and Marine Biology, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520 Abo, Finland,Novia University of Applied Sciences, Rascborgsvaegen 9,10600 Ekenaes, Finland;

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