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Long-term trends in invertebrate-habitat relationships under protected and fished conditions

机译：受保护和捕鱼条件下无脊椎动物-栖息地关系的长期趋势

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Few studies examine the long-term effects of changing predator size and abundance on the habitat associations of resident organisms despite that this knowledge is critical to understand the ecosystem effects of fishing. Marine reserves offer the opportunity to determine ecosystem-level effects of manipulated predator densities, while parallel monitoring of adjacent fished areas allows separating these effects from regional-scale change. Relationships between two measures of benthic habitat structure (reef architecture and topographic complexity) and key invertebrate species were followed over 17 years at fished and protected subtidal rocky reefs associated with two southern Australian marine reserves. Two commercially harvested species, the southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) and blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) were initially weakly associated with habitat structure across all fished and protected sites. The strength of association with habitat for both species increased markedly at protected sites 2 years after marine reserve declaration, and then gradually weakened over subsequent years. The increasing size of rock lobster within reserves apparently reduced their dependency on reef shelters as refuges from predation. Rising pre-dation by fish and rock lobster in the reserves corresponded with weakening invertebrate-habitat relationships for H. rubra and sea urchins (Heliocidaris erythrogramma). These results emphasise that animal-habitat relationships are not necessarily stable through time and highlight the value of marine reserves as reference sites. Our work shows that fishery closures to enhance populations of commercially important and keystone species should be in areas with a range of habitat features to accommodate shifting ecological requirements with ontogenesis.
机译：很少有研究研究改变捕食者的大小和丰度对居住生物的栖息地协会的长期影响，尽管这种知识对于了解捕捞的生态系统影响至关重要。海洋保护区提供了确定操纵的捕食者密度对生态系统造成的影响的机会，而对相邻渔区的并行监测可以将这些影响与区域规模的变化区分开。在与澳大利亚南部两个海洋保护区相关联的经过捕捞和受保护的潮间带礁石上，追踪底栖生境结构的两种测量（礁石结构和地形复杂性）与主要无脊椎动物物种之间的关系。最初在所有捕鱼和受保护地点的栖息地结构与商业化捕捞的两种物种，南部的龙虾（Jasus edwardsii）和黑唇鲍鱼（Haliotis rubra）之间的联系较弱。宣布海洋保护区后两年，这两种物种与栖息地的联系强度显着增加，然后在随后的几年中逐渐减弱。保护区内岩龙虾的规模不断增加，显然减少了它们对珊瑚礁避难所的依赖，因为它们是避难所的避难所。鱼类和岩石龙虾在保护区中的捕食活动不断上升，这对应于H. rubra和海胆（Heliocidaris erythrogramma）的无脊椎动物-栖息地关系减弱。这些结果强调动物与栖息地之间的关系并不一定随着时间的推移而稳定，并强调了海洋保护区作为参考点的价值。我们的工作表明，为了增加具有重要商业意义和重点物种的种群而进行的渔业封锁应在具有多种生境特征的地区进行，以适应随着个体发生而不断变化的生态要求。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2014年第8期|1799-1808|共10页
  • 作者

    Timothy J. Alexander; Craig R. Johnson; Malcolm Haddon; Neville S. Barrett; Graham J. Edgar;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bay 49, Tasmania 7001, Australia,Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland;

    Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bay 49, Tasmania 7001, Australia;

    CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Castray Esplanade, Hobart Tasmania 7000, Australia;

    Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bay 49, Tasmania 7001, Australia;

    Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bay 49, Tasmania 7001, Australia;

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