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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Molecular population genetics of male and female mitochondrial genomes in subarctic Mytilus trossulus
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Molecular population genetics of male and female mitochondrial genomes in subarctic Mytilus trossulus

机译：弧形亚种Mytilus trossulus中男女线粒体基因组的分子种群遗传学

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摘要

The doubly uniparental inheritance system allows for the use of two independent mitochondrial genomes for population history investigations. Under this system, two lineages of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exist and males are typically heteroplasmic, having the additional, usually divergent, mitochondrial genome inherited from their male parent. This additional mtDNA typically evolves faster, potentially allowing for insight into more recent events in population history. Few studies did explore this possibility in marine mussels Mytilus showing its usefulness. Recent observations of the Mytilus trossulus mussels who have retained their native mtDNA in European waters posed the question of their origin. Are they part of a population present, but previously undetected, or is this a potentially human mediated, ongoing spread of an invasive species? To tackle this question, we amplified with species-specific primers and sequenced an approximately 1,200-bp-long fragment spanning COM and ND2 genes from both mitochondrial genomes of mussels sampled at five locations worldwide, covering the whole M. trossulus range. The overall pattern of polymorphisms is compatible with the entirely postglacial history of the whole species, indicating a very deep bottleneck at last glacial maximum, with possible retention of the whole species in a single refugium, and the effective population size of no more than a few thousands. Both analyses of molecular variance and isolation with migration (IM) models point at the West Atlantic as the source of the European M. trossulus mussels, at least the ones who retained their native mtDNA. The hypothesis that this is an ongoing, human-mediated process was considered. To this end, comparison with the well-known case: the introduction of congeneric mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, from Mediterranean Sea to Asia was used. This introduction occurred within the last 100 years. The results inferred by the IM model suggest that the timing and structure of transatlantic migration of M. trossulus differs significantly from the M. galloprovincialis case: it is more than 1,000 years old and involves a much larger fraction of the ancestral population. Therefore, most likely, this invasion is not a human-mediated process.
机译：双单亲遗传系统允许将两个独立的线粒体基因组用于人口历史调查。在该系统下，存在两个线粒体DNA（mtDNA）谱系，雄性通常是异质的，具有从其雄性亲本遗传的其他线粒体基因组，通常是发散的。这种额外的mtDNA通常进化得更快，可能有助于洞悉人口历史中的最新事件。很少有研究探索海洋贻贝Mytilus中的这种可能性，以证明其有用性。最近对在欧洲水域中保留其天然mtDNA的Mytilus trossulus贻贝的观察提出了其起源的问题。它们是否存在于种群中，但以前未被发现，或者这可能是人类介导的入侵物种的持续传播？为了解决这个问题，我们用物种特异性引物进行了扩增，并对贻贝线粒体两个基因组的COM和ND2基因进行了大约1200 bp长的片段测序，该蛋白来自世界各地五个位置的贻贝的线粒体基因组，覆盖了整个trossulus范围。多态性的整体模式与整个物种的整个冰期历史相吻合，表明在最后一个冰川最大时期存在非常深的瓶颈，整个物种可能保留在单个避难所中，有效种群数量不超过几个数千。分子差异分析和带迁移隔离（IM）模型的分析都将西大西洋作为欧洲M. trossulus贻贝的来源，至少是保留了其天然mtDNA的贻贝。认为这是一个持续的，由人为介导的过程的假设。为此，与著名案例进行了比较：使用了从地中海到亚洲的同类贻贝，Mytilus galloprovincialis。这种介绍发生在最近100年内。 IM模型推断的结果表明，M。trossulus跨大西洋迁徙的时间和结构与M. galloprovincialis病例有显着差异：它已经有1000多年的历史，涉及祖先人口的比例更大。因此，这种入侵很可能不是人为介导的过程。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2013年第7期|1709-1721|共13页
  • 作者

    Beata Smietanka; Malgorzata Zbawicka; Tomasz Sanko; Roman Wenne; Artur Burzynski;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstaricow Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland;

    Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstaricow Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland;

    Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstaricow Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland;

    Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstaricow Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland;

    Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstaricow Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland;

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