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Inter-year differences in survival of Atlantic puffins Fratercula arctica are not associated with winter distribution

机译：大西洋海雀Fratercula arctica的年际生存差异与冬季分布无关

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摘要

Miniature geolocator loggers (Global Location Sensing, GLS) that provide daily locations of birds have revolutionised the study of winter ecology and migration patterns of seabirds. A long-term study of ringing recoveries and analyses of heavy metals and pollutants in tissues of Atlantic puffins Fratercula arctica from the Isle of May, south-east Scotland, suggested that this population wintered mainly within the North Sea. However, deployment of GLS devices over the 2007/2008 winter showed that many breeding birds made major excursions into the east Atlantic. This winter was the second of two when survival was extremely low (survival in 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 was 0.696 and 0.695, respectively, compared to the average of 0.922 over the period 1984/1985-2005/2006). These low rates of survival suggested that the unexpected use of the Atlantic might have been associated with unusually poor conditions in the North Sea as indicated by very low breeding success in 2007. Survival rate returned to previous levels in 2008/2009 providing the opportunity to test whether higher survival was associated with birds remaining in the North Sea, or whether movements into the Atlantic are a feature of this population unrelated to survival. Accordingly, geolocators were deployed over the 2009/2010 winter when adult survival was subsequently established to be high (0.913). We found greater support for the hypothesis that winter distribution is not associated with survival. Thus, 8 (40 %) of 20 individuals followed in 2009/2010 went into the Atlantic, a rate not significantly different from 11 (58%) of the 19 followed in the 2007/2008 winter. Indeed, birds actually spent longer in the Atlantic and used a wider variety of areas in 2009/2010, although the time spent away from the colony was significantly shorter than in 2007/2008. Since our data were from individuals that survived, remaining in or moving out of the North Sea can both be successful strategies during winters when the population as a whole shows either high or low survival rates. Unfortunately, we do not know where birds that died had gone, and hence, the relative survival of birds that did or did not move into the Atlantic. Determining the link between survival and wintering area for any seabird remains a formidable challenge and will have to await the development of technologies that can determine both where and when birds die.
机译：提供鸟类日常位置的微型地理定位记录仪（Global Location Sensing，GLS）彻底改变了冬季生态学和海鸟迁移方式的研究。对来自苏格兰东南部五月岛的大西洋海雀Fratercula arctica组织中的环回回收率以及对重金属和污染物的分析的长期研究表明，该种群主要在北海越冬。但是，在2007/2008年冬季部署的GLS设备表明，许多种禽进入了东大西洋的主要旅行。这个冬天是生存率极低的两个年份中的第二个（2006/2007和2007/2008年的生存率分别为0.696和0.695，而1984 / 1985-2005 / 2006年的平均生存率为0.922）。这些低的存活率表明，大西洋的意外使用可能与北海异常恶劣的状况有关，如2007年的极低繁殖成功所表明的。存活率回到了2008/2009年的先前水平，提供了测试的机会较高的生存率与留在北海的鸟类有关，还是向大西洋迁移是该种群与生存无关的特征。因此，在2009/2010年冬季部署了地理定位器，随后确定了成年生存率很高（0.913）。我们发现，冬季分布与生存无关的假设得到了更多的支持。因此，2009/2010年追踪的20个人中有8（40％）人进入大西洋，这一比率与2007/2008冬季追踪的19个人中的11（58％）没有显着差异。的确，尽管离开殖民地的时间明显短于2007/2008年，但鸟类实际上在大西洋花费的时间更长，并在2009/2010年使用了更多的区域。由于我们的数据来自幸存的个人，因此在整个人口总体显示高生存率或低生存率的冬季，留在北海或从北海迁出都是成功的策略。不幸的是，我们不知道死鸟已经去了哪里，因此，不知道或没有搬进大西洋的鸟的相对存活率。确定任何海鸟的生存和越冬区域之间的联系仍然是一项艰巨的挑战，必须等待能够确定鸟类死亡地点和时间的技术的发展。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2013年第11期|2877-2889|共13页
  • 作者

    Michael P. Harris; Francis Daunt; Maria I. Bogdanova; Jose J. Lahoz-Monfort; Mark A. Newell; Richard A. Phillips; Sarah Wanless;

  • 作者单位

    Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate,Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK;

    Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate,Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK;

    Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate,Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK;

    School of Botany, University of Melbourne,Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia;

    Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate,Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK;

    British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road,Cambridge CB3 OET, UK;

    Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate,Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK;

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