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Sexual segregation in distribution, diet and trophic level of seabirds: insights from stable isotope analysis

机译：海鸟的分布，饮食和营养水平上的性别隔离：来自稳定同位素分析的见解

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摘要

Considerable attention has focused on inter- and intraspecific variation in trophic niches of marine predators. Although this has revealed evidence for sexual segregation in distribution in some species, few studies have been able to address sex-related dietary specialisation. Stable isotope analysis of blood cells collected from albatrosses and petrels at South Georgia during chick-rearing indicated a difference in δ~(13)C, suggesting that females fed to the north of males, only in two species with male-biased sexual size dimorphism; in no species did sexes differ in trophic level (δ~(15)N). Based on a wider review, significant differences between sexes in isotope signatures were much more common in seabirds during the pre-laying or breeding than the nonbreeding period, presumably reflecting greater between-sex partitioning of resources when foraging ranges are more constrained and competition is greater. Sex differ- ences, or their absence, were usually consistent across successive stages during the pre-laying and breeding periods, but not necessarily year-round nor between populations. Significant differences in isotope signatures between males and females were extremely rare in monomorphic species, suggesting a link between sexual size dimorphism and segregation in diet or distribution. Among the Southern Ocean albatrosses, sex differences in δ~(13)C suggested the underlying mechanism was related to habitat specialisation, whereas in other size-dimorphic taxa (both male- and female-biased), sex differences were more common in δ~(15)N than δ~(13)C and therefore more consistent with size-mediated competitive exclusion or dietary specialisation.
机译：相当多的注意力集中在海洋捕食者的营养位上的种间和种内变化。尽管这揭示了某些物种中性别隔离的证据，但很少有研究能够解决与性别相关的饮食专业化问题。对在佐治亚州南部小鸡饲养期间从信天翁和海燕收集的血细胞进行的稳定同位素分析表明，δ〜（13）C存在差异，这表明雌性以雄性为食，仅在雄性偏爱的两个物种中有两种;在任何物种中，营养水平上的性别都没有差异（δ〜（15）N）。根据更广泛的评论，在海鸟的预产或繁殖期间，同位素特征的性别差异比非繁殖时期更为普遍，这可能是因为觅食范围受到更大限制且竞争更加激烈时，性别之间的资源分配更大。 。性别差异或性别差异通常在预产期和繁殖期的各个连续阶段都是一致的，但不一定是全年的，也不是种群之间的。在单态物种中，男性和女性之间同位素特征的显着差异极为罕见，这表明性别大小双态与饮食或分布的隔离之间存在联系。在南大洋信天翁中，δ〜（13）C的性别差异表明其潜在机制与生境特化有关，而在其他大小双态分类群中（雄性和雌性均偏爱），性别差异在δ〜中更为普遍。 （15）N比δ〜（13）C大，因此与体位介导的竞争排斥或饮食专业化更为一致。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2011年第10期|p.2199-2208|共10页
  • 作者

    Richard A. Phillips; Rona A. R. McGill; Deborah A. Dawson; Stuart Bearhop;

  • 作者单位

    British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council,High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK;

    NERC Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride G75 OQF, UK;

    NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;

    Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TRIO 9EZ, UK;

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