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Effects of seagrasses and algae of the Caulerpa family on hydrodynamics and particle-trapping rates

机译：Caulerpa家族的海草和藻类对流体动力学和颗粒捕获率的影响

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摘要

The widespread decline of seagrass beds within the Mediterranean often results in the replacement of seagrasses by opportunistic green algae of the Caulerpa family. Because Caulerpa beds have a different height, stiffness and density compared to seagrasses, these changes in habitat type modify the interaction of the seafloor with hydrodynamics, influencing key processes such as sediment resuspension and particle trapping. Here, we compare the effects on hydrodynamics and particle trapping of Caulerpa taxifolia, C. racemosa, and C. prolifera with the Mediterranean seagrasses Cymodocea nodosa and Posi-donia oceanica. All macrophyte canopies reduced near-bed volumetric flow rates compared to bare sediment, vertical profiles of turbulent kinetic energy revealed peak values around the top of the canopies, and maximum values of Reynolds stress increased by a factor of between 1.4 (C. nodosa) and 324.1 (P. oceanica) when vegetation was present. All canopies enhanced particle retention rates compared to bare sediment. The experimental C. prolifera canopy was the most effective at particle retention (m2 habitat); however, C. racemosa had the largest particlernretention capacity per structure surface area. Hence, in terms of enhancing particle trapping and reducing hydro-dynamic forces at the sediment surface, Caulerpa beds provided a similar or enhanced function compared to P.oceanica and C. nodosa. However, strong seasonality in the leaf area index of C. racemosa and C. taxifolia within the Mediterranean, combined with a weak rhizome structure, suggests that sediments maybe unprotected during winter storms, when most erosion occurs. Hence, replacement of seagrass beds with Caulerpa is likely to have a major influence on annual sediment dynamics at ecosystem scales.
机译：地中海地区海草床的广泛减少通常导致用Caulerpa家族的机会性绿藻替代海草。由于Caulerpa床与海草相比具有不同的高度，刚度和密度，因此生境类型的这些变化改变了海底与水动力的相互作用，影响了诸如泥沙再悬浮和颗粒捕集等关键过程。在这里，我们比较了地中海海草Cymodocea nodosa和Posi-donia oceanica对Caulerpa taxifolia，C。racemosa和C. prolifera对流体动力学和颗粒捕集的影响。与裸露的沉积物相比，所有大型植物的冠层都降低了近床体的流速，湍流动能的垂直分布揭示了冠层顶部附近的峰值，雷诺应力的最大值增加了1.4倍（结节）。 324.1（P. oceanica）当有植被存在时。与裸露的沉积物相比，所有冠层均提高了颗粒保留率。实验性C. prolifera冠层在保留颗粒（m2栖息地）方面最有效；然而，消旋梭状芽胞在每个结构表面积上具有最大的颗粒保留能力。因此，就增强颗粒捕集和减少沉积物表面的水动力而言，考勒帕河床提供了比大洋角鲨和结节角藻相似或增强的功能。然而，地中海地区消旋梭状芽孢杆菌和C.taxofolia叶片面积指数的强季节性，再加上根茎结构薄弱，表明在冬季暴风雨期间，大多数侵蚀发生时，沉积物可能没有得到保护。因此，用Caulerpa替代海草床可能会对生态系统规模的年度沉积物动力学产生重大影响。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2010年第3期|473-481|共9页
  • 作者

    Iris E. Hendriks; Tjeerd J. Bouma; Edward P. Morris; Carlos M. Duarte;

  • 作者单位

    IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados, C/Miquel Marques 21, 07190 Esporles (Mallorca), Spain;

    Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands;

    rnDepartemento de Biologia, C.A.S.E.M., Universidad de Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain;

    rnIMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados, C/Miquel Marques 21, 07190 Esporles (Mallorca), Spain;

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