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Spatial distribution of bacteria associated with the marine sponge Tethya californiana

机译：与海洋海绵Tethya californiana相关的细菌的空间分布

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摘要

Microbial diversity and spatial distribution of the diversity within tissue of the marine sponge Tethya californiana was analyzed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. One candidate division and nine bacterial phyla were detected, including members of all five subdivisions of Proteobacteria. Moreover, chloroplast-derived Strameno-piles- and Rhodophyta-affiliated 16S rRNA gene sequences were found and Stramenopiles represented the most abundant clones (30%) in the clone library. On the phylum-level, the microbial fingerprint of T. californiana showed a similar pattern as its Mediterranean relative T. aurantium. An interesting difference was that Cyanobacteria that were abundantly present in T. aurantium were not found in T. californiana, but that the latter sponges harbored photo-trophic Stramenopiles instead. Surprisingly, the photo-trophic microorganisms were evenly distributed over the inner and outer parts of the sponge tissue, which implies that they also reside in regions without direct light exposure. The other phyla were also present in both the outer cortex and the mesohyl of the sponges. These results were confirmed by analysis on the operational taxonomic unit level. This leads to the conclusion that from a qualitative point of view, spatial distribution of microorganisms in T. californiana tissue is quite homogeneous. Thirty-two percent of the operational taxonomic units shared less than 95% similarity with any other known sequence. This indicates that marine sponges are a rich source of previously undetected microbial life.
机译：基于16S rRNA基因序列分析了海洋海绵Tethya californiana组织内的微生物多样性和多样性。检测到一个候选科和九个细菌门，包括变形杆菌的所有五个细分的成员。此外，发现了叶绿体衍生的Strameno-piles-和Rhodophyta-affiliated的16S rRNA基因序列，Stramenopiles代表了克隆文库中最丰富的克隆（30％）。在门类水平上，加州卷柏的微生物指纹图谱显示出与地中海相对的金黄色紫锥菌相似的模式。一个有趣的差异是，在丁香锥虫中未发现大量存在于金盏花中的蓝细菌，但后者海绵中却藏有光养性的Stramenopiles。出乎意料的是，光养微生物均匀分布在海绵组织的内部和外部，这意味着它们也生活在没有直接光照的区域。其他门也存在于海绵的外皮层和中间基中。这些结果通过在业务分类单位级别上的分析得到了证实。这得出结论，从定性的角度来看，加利福尼亚卷柏组织中微生物的空间分布是相当均匀的。 32％的操作分类单位与任何其他已知序列的相似度不到95％。这表明海洋海绵是以前未发现的微生物生命的丰富来源。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2010年第3期|627-638|共12页
  • 作者

    Detmer Sipkema; Harvey W. Blanch;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;

    rnDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;

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