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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Hotspots within hotspots? Hammerhead shark movement around Wolf Island, Galapagos Marine Reserve
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Hotspots within hotspots? Hammerhead shark movement around Wolf Island, Galapagos Marine Reserve

机译：热点内的热点？锤头鲨在加拉帕戈斯群岛海洋保护区沃尔夫岛附近的活动

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摘要

Are pelagic species such as sharks and tuna distributed homogenously or heterogeneously in the oceans? Large assemblages of these species have been observed at seamounts and offshore islands in the eastern tropical Pacific, which are considered hotspots of pelagic biodiversity. Is the species distribution uniform at these hotspots or do species aggregate at a finer spatial scale at these sites? We employed three techniques to demonstrate that the aggregations of scalloped hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewini, and other pelagic species were confined to the southeastern corner of Wolf Island in the Galapagos Marine Reserve. Coded ultrasonic transmitters were placed on individuals at this site and at another aggregation site at Darwin Island, separated from Wolf by 40 km, and they were detected by monitors moored at the southeastern corner of Wolf Island and rarely by monitors deployed at other sites around the island. Hammerhead sharks, carrying depth-sensing continual transmitters, were tracked for two-day periods in a vessel and shown to reside a disproportionately large fraction of their time at the southeastern corner. Visual censuses were carried out seasonally at the eight monitor sites at Wolf Island, recording the abundance of one species of tuna, four species of jacks, and a numberrnof other species. The highest diversity and abundance of these species occurred in the southeastern corner of the island. Our results support the use of hammerhead sharks as indicator and umbrella species for pelagic hotspots on a fine scale.
机译：鲨鱼和金枪鱼等中上层物种在海洋中是同质还是异质分布？在东部热带太平洋的海山和近海岛屿上已观察到这些物种的大集合，它们被认为是中上层生物多样性的热点。这些热点的物种分布是否均匀，或者这些地点的物种聚集在更精细的空间尺度上吗？我们采用了三种技术来证明扇贝锤头鲨，Sphyrna lewini和其他中上层鱼类的聚集被限制在加拉帕戈斯海洋保护区的沃尔夫岛的东南角。编码的超声波发射器被放置在此地点以及达尔文岛另一个聚集地点的个体上，与沃尔夫相距40 km，它们被停泊在沃尔夫岛东南角的监测仪检测到，很少被部署在沃尔夫岛周围其他地点的监测仪检测到。岛。携带深度感应连续发射器的锤头鲨在船上被跟踪了两天，并显示出它们居住在东南角的时间比例不成比例。在沃尔夫岛的八个监测点按季节进行了视觉普查，记录了一种金枪鱼，四种千斤顶和其他多种鱼的丰度。这些物种的最高多样性和丰富度发生在该岛的东南角。我们的研究结果支持使用锤头鲨作为中上层热点的指示物和伞形物种。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2010年第9期|P.1899-1915|共17页
  • 作者

    Alex Hearn; James Ketchum; A. Peter Klimley; Eduardo Espinoza; Cesar Penaherrera;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Davis,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA Charles Darwin Foundation, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador;

    rnUniversity of California, Davis,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA;

    rnUniversity of California, Davis,One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA;

    rnGalapagos National Park Service, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador;

    rnCharles Darwin Foundation, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador;

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