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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Rapid Tissue Reduction And Recovery In The Sponge Aplysinella Sp.
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Rapid Tissue Reduction And Recovery In The Sponge Aplysinella Sp.

机译：海绵Aplysinella Sp。的快速组织减少和恢复

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We observed a pronounced, yet reversible tissue reduction in the tropical sponge Aplysinella sp. under non-experimental conditions in its natural habitat, after transfer into seawater tanks, as well as after transplantation from deep to shallow water in the field. Tissue reduction resulted in the formation of small "reduction bodies" tightly attached to the sponge skeleton. Although volume loss and gain were substantial, both tissue reduction and regeneration were often remarkably rapid, occurring within few hours. Microscopic analysis of the reduction bodies revealed morphological similarities to previously described sponge primmorphs, with densely packed archaeocytes and spherulous cells enclosed by a thin layer of epithelial-like cells. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed pronounced changes in the sponge-associated microbial community upon tissue reduction during laboratory and field experiments and following changes in ambient conditions after transplantation in the field. Generally, the microbial community associated with this sponge proved less stable, less abundant, and less diverse than those of other, previously investigated Verongid sponges. However, one single phylotype was consistently present in DGGE profiles of Aplysinella sp. This phylotype clustered with y-proteobacterial sequences found previously in other sponge species of different taxonomic affiliations and geographic provenances, as well as in sponge larvae. No apparent changes in the total secondary metabolite content (per dry weight) occurred in Aplysinella sp. upon tissue reduction; however, comparative analysis of intact and reduced tissue suggested changes in the concentrations of two minor compounds. Besides being ecologically interesting, the tissue reduction phenomenon in Aplysinella sp. provides an experimentally manipulable system for studies on sponge/ microbe symbioses. Moreover, it may prove useful as a model system to investigate molecular mechanisms of basic Metazoan traits in vivo, complementing the in vitro sponge primmorph system currently used in this context.
机译：我们观察到热带海绵Aplysinella sp。中明显但可逆的组织减少。在非实验条件下，在其自然栖息地中，转移到海水缸中之后，以及在野外从深水移植到浅水之后。组织还原导致紧密附着在海绵骨架上的小“还原体”的形成。尽管体积的损失和增加是巨大的，但组织的减少和再生通常都非常迅速，几小时之内就会发生。还原体的显微镜分析显示出与先前描述的海绵原始形态的形态相似性，其中密集堆积的上皮细胞和球形细胞被上皮样细胞的薄层包围。变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）揭示了在实验室和田间实验中组织减少以及在野外移植后环境条件发生变化后海绵相关微生物群落的显着变化。通常，与其他先前研究过的Verongid海绵相比，与该海绵相关的微生物群落稳定性较差，数量较少且多样性较低。但是，一种单系统型始终存在于Aplysinella sp。的DGGE谱中。这种系统型与以前在其他具有不同分类学隶属和地理起源的其他海绵物种以及海绵幼虫中发现的y-proteobacterial序列聚集在一起。在Aplysinella sp。中，次生代谢产物的总含量（每干重）没有明显变化。组织减少时；但是，对完整组织和减少组织的比较分析表明，两种次要化合物的浓度发生了变化。除生态学上令人关注外，Aplysinella sp。的组织减少现象。为研究海绵/微生物共生提供了实验上可操作的系统。此外，它可能被用作研究体内基本后生动物性状的分子机制的模型系统，可补充目前在此背景下使用的体外海绵原形系统。

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