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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Sulfide Assimilation By Ectosymbionts Of The Sessile Ciliate, Zoothamnium Niveum
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Sulfide Assimilation By Ectosymbionts Of The Sessile Ciliate, Zoothamnium Niveum

机译：无刺纤毛虫，Niveum Zoothamnium的共生共生体对硫化物的同化作用

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We investigated the constraints on sulfide uptake by bacterial ectosymbionts on the marine peritrich ciliate Zoothamnium niveum by a combination of experimental and numerical methods. Protists with symbionts were collected on large blocks of mangrove-peat. The blocks were placed in a flow cell with flow adjusted to in situ velocity. The water motion around the colonies was then characterized by particle tracking velocimetry. This shows that the feather-shaped colony of Z. niveum generates a unidirectional flow of seawater through the colony with no recirculation. The source of the feeding current was the free-flowing water although the size of the colonies suggests that they live partly submerged in the diffusive boundary layer. We showed that the filtered volume allows Z. niveum to assimilate sufficient sulfide to sustain the symbiosis at a few micromoles per liter in ambient concentration. Numerical modeling shows that sulfide oxidizing bacteria on the surfaces of Z. niveum can sustain 100-times higher sulfide uptake than bacteria on flat surfaces, such as microbial mats. The study demonstrates that the filter feeding zooids of Z. niveum are preadapted to be prime habitats for sulfide oxidizing bacteria due to Z. niveum's habitat preference and due to the feeding current. Z. niveum is capable of exploiting low concentrations of sulfide in near norm-oxic seawater. This links its otherwise dissimilar habitats and makes it functionally similar to invertebrates with thiotrophic symbionts in filtering organs.
机译：我们通过实验和数值方法相结合的方法，研究了海生peririch纤毛虫Zoothamnium niveum上细菌外共生体对硫化物吸收的限制。有共生体的原生生物被收集在大块的红树林中。将块放置在流动池中，将流动调节至原位速度。然后通过粒子跟踪测速法表征菌落周围的水运动。这表明，Z。niveum的羽毛状菌落产生了单向的海水流过菌落，而没有再循环。供给电流的来源是自由流动的水，尽管菌落的大小表明它们部分生活在扩散边界层中。我们表明，过滤后的体积可使Z. niveum吸收足够的硫化物，以在环境浓度下每升几微摩尔维持共生。数值模型表明，Z。niveum表面的硫化物氧化细菌可以比平坦​​表面（例如微生物垫）上的细菌承受100倍高的硫化物吸收。该研究表明，由于due虫的生境偏好和摄食电流的影响，捕食n虫的滤养动物类动物很适合成为硫化物氧化细菌的主要生境。 Z. niveum能够在接近常氧的海水中开采低浓度的硫化物。这将其原本不同的栖息地联系起来，使其功能类似于过滤器官中具有硫营养共生体的无脊椎动物。

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