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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Susceptibility Of Non-indigenous Ascidian Species In British Columbia (canada) To Invertebrate Predation
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Susceptibility Of Non-indigenous Ascidian Species In British Columbia (canada) To Invertebrate Predation

机译：不列颠哥伦比亚（加拿大）非本地海生物种对无脊椎动物捕食的敏感性

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Non-indigenous ascidians are known to significantly alter the structure and composition of benthic communities and adversely affect shellfish aquaculture by fouling both the cultured species and the infrastructure. The ability of these species to persist in new locations and their current and potential distributions are dependent upon physiological tolerances to environmental factors and biotic resistance to competition and predation. Despite significant data on global invasion patterns, potential biotic resistance to non-indigenous ascidians is poorly understood. We identified potential predators of four non-indigenous ascidians (Styela clava, Botryllus schlosseri, Botrylloides violaceus, and Didemnum vexillum) in British Columbia (BC), Canada in order to: (1) assess the potential for biotic interference to limit the establishment and/or spread of these ascidian species in BC, and (2) identify candidate species to be used as ascidian biofouling control agents in shellfish aquaculture. Using a series of single- and multiple-choice laboratory experiments, potential benthic predators (including various species of molluscs, echinoderms, and arthropods) were offered non-indigenous ascidians as prey. The sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis and Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, the sea stars Dermasterias imbricata and Evasterias troschelii, the nudibranch Hermissenda crassi-cornis, and the crabs Cancer productus and Carcinus maenas were found to consume one or more species of non-indigenous ascidians in single-choice experiments. However, when provided a choice, all predators chose their respective preferred food over ascidians. Thus, predation alone is unlikely to prevent large-scale establishment and spread of non-indigenous ascidians in BC, but it may have the potential to significantly reduce localized populations of ascidians. Green sea urchins, S. droebachiensis, were found to be efficient grazers of all four ascidian species, consuming 12.7 ±5.14 cm~2 (mean ± SD) of adult B. violaceus over a 3-day period, 15 ± 3.7 juvenile colonies of B. violaceus over a 2-day period, and 63 ± 28.8 juvenile colonies of B. schlosseri over a 2-day period. Using sea urchins as biological control organisms may significantly reduce ascidian fouling in shellfish aquaculture.
机译：已知非土著海生动物会严重污染底栖动物群落的结构和组成，并通过污染养殖物种和基础设施而对贝类水产养殖产生不利影响。这些物种在新地点持续存在的能力及其当前和潜在的分布取决于对环境因素的生理耐受性以及对竞争和捕食的生物抗性。尽管有关于全球入侵模式的大量数据，但对非本地海生动物的潜在生物抗性知之甚少。我们确定了加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC）的四种非土著海生动物（Styela clava，Botryllus schlosseri，Botrylloides violaceus和Didemnum vexillum）的潜在捕食者，以便：（1）评估生物干扰的可能性，以限制种植和这些海生物种在卑诗省的扩散，和（2）确定在贝类水产养殖中用作海生生物污染控制剂的候选物种。通过一系列的单项和多项选择实验室实验，向潜在的底栖捕食者（包括各种软体动物，棘皮动物和节肢动物）提供了非土著海鞘作为猎物。海胆Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis和Strongylocentrotus franciscanus，海星Dermasterias imbricata和Evasterias troschelii，裸udiHermissenda crassi-cornis和蟹蟹Cancer productus和Carcinus maenas被发现食用一种或多种非印度印度洋印第安人的单种。实验。但是，当有选择时，所有捕食者都选择了自己比海生动物更喜欢的食物。因此，仅靠捕捞不可能阻止卑诗省非土著海生动物的大规模建立和扩散，但它可能具有显着减少本地海生人口的潜力。绿海顽童S. droebachiensis被发现是所有4种海藻的有效放牧者，在3天的时间内消耗了12.7±5.14 cm〜2（平均值±SD）的成年B. violaceus，15±3.7的少年殖民地。在2天的时间内有B. violaceus，在2天的时间内有63±28.8个B. schlosseri的少年菌落。使用海胆作为生物防治生物可以显着减少贝类养殖中的海藻污染。

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