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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms and clonal isolates from the northwest Atlantic coast cause rapid mortality in larvae of multiple bivalve species
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Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms and clonal isolates from the northwest Atlantic coast cause rapid mortality in larvae of multiple bivalve species

机译：Cochlodinium polykrikoides盛开，来自西北大西洋沿岸的克隆分离物导致多种双壳类幼虫迅速死亡

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摘要

Globally, many commercial bivalve populations have declined in recent decades. In addition to over-harvesting and habitat loss, the increasing frequency and intensity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are likely to contribute to bivalve losses, particularly in cases where blooms negatively impact larval stages. This paper reports on the lethal effects of clonal cultures and blooms of Cochlodinium polykrikoides from the US Atlantic coast on the larvae of three species of commercially and ecologically valuable bivalves: the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), the bay scallop (Argopecten irradians), and the Northern qua-hog (hard clam; Mercenaria mercenaria). Both cultures and blooms of C. polykrikoides were highly toxic to all three species of bivalve larvae causing 80-100% mortality during 24- to 72-h exposures at concentrations of 1-2 × 10~3 cells ml~(-1). Toxicity was dependent on cell densities, growth stage of C. polykrikoides (i.e. cultures in exponential stage growth were more toxic than later stages), exposure time of larvae to cells (i.e. longer exposure caused higher mortality), the age of larvae (i.e. younger larvae were more sensitive), and the relative abundance of C. polykrikoides (i.e. the presence of other microalgae decreased toxicity). Free radical-scavenging enzymes (per-oxidase and catalase) and the removal of C. polykrikoides cells (i.e. culture filtrate) significantly increased larval survival suggesting toxicity is maximized by contact with liverncells and may involve labile toxins bound by these compounds including e.g. reactive oxygen species. The toxicity of C. polykrikoides to bivalve larvae was generally more severe than other HAB species (e.g. Karenia brevis, Karlodinium veneficum, Alexandrium tamarense, Prorocen-trum minimum). Since the bivalves in this study spawn in the months when C. polykrikoides blooms on the east coast of North America, these results suggest that these blooms may have detrimental effects on efforts to restore these already diminished populations.
机译：在全球范围内，最近几十年来，许多商业双壳类种群数量有所下降。除了过度捕捞和栖息地流失之外，有害藻华（HAB）的频率和强度的增加还可能导致双壳类动物的流失，尤其是在藻华对幼虫阶段产生负面影响的情况下。本文报道了来自美国大西洋沿岸的多菌种Cochlodinium polykrikoides的克隆培养和开花对三种有商业和生态价值的双壳类幼虫的致死作用：东部牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica），海湾扇贝（Argopecten irradians）和北猪（硬蛤； Mercenaria mercenaria）。多角梭状芽胞杆菌的培养和开花均对所有三种双壳幼虫具有高毒性，在1-2×10〜3细胞ml〜（-1）的浓度下暴露24至72小时可导致80-100％的死亡率。毒性取决于细胞密度，多核衣原体的生长阶段（即指数阶段生长的培养物比后期阶段的毒性更大），幼虫暴露于细胞的时间（即较长的暴露导致更高的死亡率），幼虫的年龄（即较年轻）幼虫更敏感），以及多角梭菌的相对丰度（即其他微藻的存在降低了毒性）。清除自由基的酶（过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶）和去除多核衣原体细胞（即培养滤液）显着提高了幼虫的存活率，这表明通过与肝细胞接触可使毒性最大化，并且可能涉及这些化合物结合的不稳定毒素，例如活性氧。多角梭状芽胞杆菌对双壳幼虫的毒性通常比其他HAB物种（例如，短小Karenia，小叶Karlodinium v​​eneficum，tamarenseium tamarense，Prorocen-trum最低）更严重。由于本研究中的双壳类动物是在北美东海岸绽放多角衣藻的几个月后产卵的，因此这些结果表明这些花朵可能会对恢复这些已经减少的种群的努力产生不利影响。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2009年第12期|2601-2611|共11页
  • 作者

    Ying Zhong Tang; rnChristopher J. Gobler;

  • 作者单位

    School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA;

    rnSchool of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA;

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