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Phase-shift in coral reef communities in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), USA

机译：美国佛罗里达礁岛国家海洋保护区（FKNMS）中珊瑚礁群落的相移

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Characterizing the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), USA, has gained much attention over the past several decades because of apparent changes in the benthic community structure over space and time representative of patterns occurring in the Caribbean region. We used a 5-year dataset (1996-2000) of macroal-gal and sponge cover and water quality measurements as predictor variables of hard coral community structure in the FKNMS. The 16 water quality variables were summarized into 4 groups by principal component analysis (PCA). Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis of the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the principal component scores of water quality variables separated the reef sites into two main groups (and five sub-groups), referred to as reefs of similar influence (RSI). The main groups corresponded with their geographical locations within the Florida Keys: the reefs in the Upper and Middle Keys being homogeneous and collectively, having lower water quality scores relative to reefs in the Lower Keys. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) between hard coral cover and key predictor variables (i.e., water quality, macroalgal cover and sponge cover) also separated the reefs in the Lower Keys from reefs in the Upper-Middle Keys, consistent with results of the cluster analysis, which categorized reefs based on RSI. These results suggest that the prevailing gradient of predictor variables may have influenced the structuring of coral reef communities at a spatial scale larger than the individual reef. Furthermore, it is conceivable that these predictor variables exerted influence for a long time rather than being a recent event. Results also revealed a pattern showing reduction in hard coral cover and species richness, and subsequent proliferation of mac-roalgae and sponges during the study period. Our analyses of the Florida Keys present a pattern that is consistent with the characteristics of a reef that has undergone a "phase-shift," a phenomenon that is widely reported in the Caribbean region.
机译：在过去的几十年中，表征美国佛罗里达礁岛国家海洋保护区（FKNMS）的特性引起了人们的极大关注，因为底栖动物群落结构随着时间和时间的变化而发生了明显变化，这些变化代表了加勒比地区的格局。我们在FKNMS中使用了5年的宏观海藻和海绵覆盖以及水质测量数据集（1996-2000）作为硬珊瑚群落结构的预测变量。通过主成分分析（PCA）将16个水质变量分为4组。对水质变量主成分评分的均值和标准差（SD）进行分层聚类分析，将礁石地点分为两个主要组（和五个子组），称为相似影响礁石（RSI）。主要群体与其在佛罗里达礁岛内的地理位置相对应：上礁岛和中礁岛中的礁石是同质的，并且集体存在，相对于礁石礁岛中的礁石，水质得分较低。硬珊瑚覆盖率与关键预测变量（即水质，巨藻覆盖率和海绵覆盖率）之间的规范对应分析（CCA）也将下键礁与上中键礁区分开，与聚类分析的结果一致，它根据RSI对珊瑚礁进行了分类。这些结果表明，主要的预测变量梯度可能在比单个礁更大的空间尺度上影响了珊瑚礁群落的结构。此外，可以想象的是，这些预测变量长期以来都发挥了作用，而不是最近的事件。结果还显示出一种模式，表明在研究期间，硬珊瑚的覆盖率降低了，物种丰富度降低了，随后mac-roalgae和海绵繁殖了。我们对佛罗里达礁岛礁的分析提供了一种模式，该模式与经历了“相移”的礁石特征相一致，该现象在加勒比海地区得到了广泛报道。

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