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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Species-specific defense strategies of vegetative versus reproductive blades of the Pacific kelps Lessonia nigrescens and Macrocystis integrifolia
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Species-specific defense strategies of vegetative versus reproductive blades of the Pacific kelps Lessonia nigrescens and Macrocystis integrifolia

机译：太平洋海带雀Lesson和大袋藻的营养叶片与生殖叶片的特定物种防御策略

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Chemical defense is assumed to be costly and therefore algae should allocate defense investments in a way to reduce costs and optimize their overall fitness. Thus, lifetime expectation of particular tissues and their contribution to the fitness of the alga may affect defense allocation. Two brown algae common to the SE Pacific coasts, Lessonia nigrescens Bory and Macrocystis integrifolia Bory, feature important ontogenetic differences in the development of reproductive structures; in L. nigrescens blade tissues pass from a vegetative stage to a reproductive stage, while in M. integrifolia reproductive and vegetative functions are spatially separated on different blades. We hypothesized that vegetative blades of L. nigrescens with important future functions are more (or equally) defended than reproductive blades, whereas in M. integrifolia defense should be mainly allocated to reproductive blades (sporophylls), which are considered to make a higher contribution to fitness. Herein, within-plant variation in susceptibility of reproductive and vegetative tissues to herbivory and in allocation of phlorotannins (phenolics) and N-compounds was compared. The results show that phlorotannin and N-con-centrations were higher in reproductive blade tissues for both investigated algae. However, preferences by amphi-pod grazers {Parhyalella penai) for either tissue type differed between the two algal species. Fresh reproductive tissue of L. nigrescens was more consumed than vegetative tissue, while the reverse was found in M. integrifolia, thus confirming the original hypothesis. This suggests that future fitness function might indeed be a useful predictor of anti-herbivore defense in large, perennial kelps. Results from feeding assays with artificial pellets that were made with air-dried material and extract-treated Ulva powder indicated that defenses in live algae are probably not based on chemicals that can be extracted or remain intact after air-drying and grinding up algal tissues. Instead, anti-herbivore defense against amphipod mesograzers seems to depend on structural traits of living algae.
机译：化学防御被认为是昂贵的，因此藻类应以降低成本和优化其整体适应性的方式来分配防御投资。因此，对特定组织的终生期望及其对藻类适应性的影响可能会影响防御能力的分配。 SE太平洋沿岸常见的两种褐藻，念珠菌鲍里氏菌和大孢囊鲍氏菌，在生殖结构发育中具有重要的个体发育差异。在黑麦草中，叶片组织从营养阶段进入生殖阶段，而在整枝烟草中，生殖和营养功能在不同叶片上在空间上分开。我们假设具有重要未来功能的黑麦草的营养叶片比生殖叶片具有更多（或同等的防御能力），而在整枝烟草中，防御应主要分配给生殖叶片（子叶植物），后者被认为对叶片的贡献更大。健身。在本文中，比较了植物和植物的生殖和营养组织对草食性的敏感性以及间苯二酚（酚类）和N化合物的分配的差异。结果表明，对于两种被调查的藻类，生殖叶片组织中的草丁宁和N浓度均较高。但是，两栖类食草动物（对虾）对这两种藻类的偏好都不同。黑背菇的新鲜生殖组织比营养组织消耗的更多，而整枝青霉则相反，这证实了最初的假设。这表明未来的健身功能确实可能是大型多年生海带抗草食动物防御的有用预测指标。用风干的材料和经提取物处理的Ulva粉末制成的人造颗粒的饲喂测定结果表明，活藻中的防御作用可能不是基于在风干和研磨藻类组织后可以提取或保持完整的化学物质。取而代之的是，针对两栖类中食性动物的抗草食动物防御似乎取决于活藻的结构特征。

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