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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Movements and site fidelity of the giant manta ray, Manta birostris, in the Komodo Marine Park, Indonesia
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Movements and site fidelity of the giant manta ray, Manta birostris, in the Komodo Marine Park, Indonesia

机译：印度尼西亚科莫多海洋公园中巨型蝠，的运动和现场保真度

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摘要

Despite their large size and frequent occurrence in near-shore tropical habitats, little published information is available on the movements and behaviors of the giant manta ray, Manta birostris, and what factors influence visitation patterns. To examine the movements of manta rays in the Komodo Marine Park, Indonesia, an acoustic array was installed at up to seven sites in the park between 2000 and 2003. A total of 41 acoustic tags were deployed in three separate deployments in 2000, 2001 and 2002. Mantas were recorded in the park for up to 526 days with an average duration of 183 ± 136 days, when mantas made from 3 to 303 individual visits to different sites (median 58 visits). There was a clear preference for three sites that comprised over 90% of manta activity. The most popular site (German Flag) was off the southern tip of Komodo Island in an area with a high degree of bathymetric structure. Examination of the longest records suggests some site preference with 5 of 7 individuals spending greater than 90% of their time at the location where they were tagged. Using a general linear model it was possible to examine the effects of daytime, lunar phase, aggregation site, season and tidal phase on visitation patterns. The vast majority of visits were recorded during daylight hours at all sites. The strongest effects of both the lunar and tidal phase were apparent in the northern sites with the most visits occurring when tidal intensity was the greatest during full and new moons. The strongest seasonal pattern was observed in the south where no mantas were recorded during the first quarter in any year. This coincides with an increase in temperature and reduction of productivity in this region associated with monsoonal shifts. The long-term fidelity indicates that marine-protected areas centered around aggregation sites could help protect this species from overexploitation.
机译：尽管它们很大并且经常在近岸的热带栖息地中发生，但是关于巨型蝠ta（Manta birostris）的运动和行为以及影响访问方式的因素很少有公开的信息。为了检查印度尼西亚科莫多海洋公园中蝠ta的运动，在2000年至2003年之间，在公园的多达七个地点安装了一个声波阵列。在2000年，2001年和2006年，总共在三个不同的部署中部署了41个声波标签。 2002年。在公园内记录了多达526天的蝠ta，平均持续时间183±136天，其中3到303次单独访问了不同地点的蝠ta（中位数为58次）。显然首选三个占Manta活性90％以上的位点。最受欢迎的站点（德国国旗）在科莫多岛的南端，其测深结构高度。对最长记录的检查表明有些站点偏爱，7个人中有5个人在被标记的位置花费了90％以上的时间。使用一般的线性模型，可以检查白天，月相，聚集地点，季节和潮汐期对探视模式的影响。绝大多数访问记录在白天在所有站点上进行的。在北部和北部，月球和潮汐期的影响最明显，当满月和新月的潮汐强度最大时，拜访次数最多。在南部，观察到最强烈的季节性模式，在任何一年的第一季度中都没有记录到蝠man。这与该季风转变相关的温度升高和生产率下降相吻合。长期保真度表明，以聚集点为中心的海洋保护区可以帮助保护该物种免遭过度开发。

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