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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Variation in measures of immunocompetence of sea fan coral, Gorgonia ventalina, in the Florida Keys
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Variation in measures of immunocompetence of sea fan coral, Gorgonia ventalina, in the Florida Keys

机译：在佛罗里达群岛中，海扇珊瑚（Gorgonia ventalina）的免疫能力测量值的变化

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摘要

Aspergillosis is a widespread disease that has impacted the demography of the Caribbean sea fan coral, Gorgonia ventalina. The innate coral immune defenses can be measured as constitutive levels of immune proteins (per-oxidase [POX], prophenoloxidase [PPO], lysozyme-like activity [LYS], exochitinase [EXOC]), antioxidant (super-oxide dismutase [SOD]), and antimicrobial (antibacterial [AB] and antifungal [AF]) activity. Therefore, variations in these parameters across a geographic region could provide clues to the role of environment in disease. This study examined healthy sea fans collected in July 2005 from six offshore sites in the Florida Keys lying between 24.569°N and 25.220°N, a distance of ～145 km. Contrary to expectations, small (<15 cm) colonies did not differ significantly from large colonies (>15 cm) in the protein-based levels of activity in any of the measured parameters. However, there were significant differences in many of the parameters among sites, and Molasses Reef and Looe Key Reef were the most different in POX, PPO, SOD, and AF activity. This suggests that there are potential site-specific environmental factors that shape the immune physiology of colonies. Several proxies of environmental stress were also regressed against levels of the immune parameters. The proxies included 10 year averages of benthic community composition, 5 year averages of water quality, and historic aspergillosis disease prevalence and severity. Generality about environmental drivers was limited by assaying only six sites, but several patterns did emerge. SOD, EXOC, and AF activity were all correlated with percent bare substrate cover, suggesting that certain immune components may be activated in low coral environments. LYS and EXOC activity were positively correlated with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), one proxy of water quality. There were no relationships between any of the measured immune parameters and previous disease prevalence and severity. This study is a first step in evaluating levels of within- and between-site variation in coral immunity and investigating possible environmental drivers.
机译：曲霉病是一种广泛的疾病，已经影响了加勒比海扇珊瑚Gorgonia ventalina的人口统计学。天然珊瑚的免疫防御能力可以通过免疫蛋白（过氧化物酶[POX]，酚氧化酶原[PPO]，溶菌酶样活性[LYS]，外切酶[EXOC]），抗氧化剂（超氧化物歧化酶[SOD]）的组成水平来衡量）和抗菌（抗菌[AB]和抗真菌[AF]）活性。因此，这些参数在整个地理区域中的变化可能为环境在疾病中的作用提供线索。这项研究调查了2005年7月从佛罗里达礁岛的六个海上站点收集的健康海扇，它们位于24.569°N和25.220°N之间，距离约145 km。与预期相反，在任何测量参数中，小（<15 cm）菌落与大菌落（> 15 cm）的蛋白质活性水平没有显着差异。但是，站点之间的许多参数存在显着差异，并且糖蜜礁和卢礁礁的POX，PPO，SOD和AF活性差异最大。这表明存在潜在的特定于位点的环境因素，可影响菌落的免疫生理。还针对环境免疫指标水平回归了几种环境压力的代表。代理人包括底栖动物群落平均10年平均值，水质平均5年平均值，历史曲霉病的流行程度和严重程度。仅通过分析六个位点就限制了环境驱动因素的普遍性，但确实出现了几种模式。 SOD，EXOC和AF活性均与裸露的底物覆盖率相关，表明某些免疫成分可能在低珊瑚环境中被激活。 LYS和EXOC活性与水质的一种代表-溶解的无机氮（DIN）正相关。在任何测得的免疫参数与先前疾病的患病率和严重性之间没有关系。这项研究是评估珊瑚免疫力的站点内和站点间变化水平以及调查可能的环境驱动因素的第一步。

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