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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Habitat use, urea production and spawning in the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta
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Habitat use, urea production and spawning in the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta

机译：海湾蟾蜍Opsanus beta的栖息地使用，尿素生产和产卵

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Field studies were conducted in Johnson Key Basin, Florida Bay, USA from September 2002 through September 2004 to examine physiological, ecological, and behavioral characteristics of the gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta (Goode and Bean in Proc US Natl Mes 3:333-345, 1880), in relation to nitrogen metabolism, habitat usage, and spawning. Fish collected 5 cm above sediments in experimental shelters (epibenthic) were compared with those collected by throw traps which were found on or burrowing within sediments. The relationship between microhabitat ammonia and urea excretion, as determined by the enzymatic activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), was examined. The hypothesis tested was that O. beta occupying epibenthic nests were less ureotelic with lower GS activities than non-nesting individuals on/in sediments, due to a decreased environmental ammonia burden. Porewater total ammonia (T_(Amm)) concentrations at a sediment depth of 5 cm, i.e., the approximate depth of burrowing toadfish, ranged from 0 to 106.5 μmol N l~(-1) while the pH ranged from 7.48 to 9.14. There was a weak but significant correlation between environmental ammonia (NH_3) concentration and hepatic GS activity for epibenthic toadfish (P < 0.001, r~2 = 0.10), but not for burrowing toadfish. Mean urea-N and T_(Amm) concentrations within shelters occupied by toadfish (n = 281) were 9.8 ± 0.83 μmol N l~(-1) and 13.0 ± 0.7 μmol N l~(-1), respectively. As predicted, hepatic GS activity was significantly lower in epibenthic toadfish captured in shelters (4.40 ± 0.24 μmol min~(-1) g~(-1); n - 281) as compared to individuals on/in sediments (6.61 ± 0.47 μmol min~(-1) g~(-1); n = 128). Glutamine synthetase activity generally peaked in March (spawning season) and was lowest in July. Gender differences in hepatic and branchial GS activity were also found during the spawning season, which is attributable to the fact that males brood and guard offspring in their epibenthic nests while females often rest on or burrow into the sediments. Finally, hepatic and branchial GS appeared to have different patterns of enzymatic activity suggesting functional differences in gene expression.
机译：从2002年9月至2004年9月在美国佛罗里达湾的Johnson Johnson盆地进行了实地研究，以调查海湾蟾蜍鱼Opsanus beta（Goode和Bean在Proc US Natl Mes 3：333-345中的生理，生态和行为特征）， 1880年），涉及氮代谢，栖息地使用和产卵。将在实验性庇护所中沉积物上方5厘米处收集的鱼（上底栖动物）与通过沉积物发现或挖掘于沉积物中的投掷器收集的鱼进行比较。检查了由谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）的酶活性确定的微生境氨和尿素排泄之间的关系。测试的假设是，由于减少了环境氨的负担，与非嵌套个体相比，占据O. beta的表皮巢具有较少的尿酸，且具有较低的GS活性。在5 cm的沉积深度即蟾蜍穴居的近似深度处的孔隙水总氨（T_（Amm））浓度范围为0至106.5μmolN l〜（-1），而pH范围为7.48至9.14。表皮蟾蜍的环境氨（NH_3）浓度与肝GS活性之间存在微弱但显着的相关性（P <0.001，r〜2 = 0.10），而穴居蟾蜍则没有。蟾蜍（n = 281）所掩蔽的住房内尿素氮和T_（Amm）的平均浓度分别为9.8±0.83μmolN l〜（-1）和13.0±0.7μmolN l〜（-1）。如所预测的，与沉积物上/之中的个体（6.61±0.47μmol）相比，在掩体中捕获的表皮蟾蜍的肝GS活性（4.40±0.24μmolmin〜（-1）g〜（-1）； n-281）显着降低。 min〜（-1）g〜（-1）; n = 128）。谷氨酰胺合成酶活性通常在三月（产卵季节）达到峰值，七月最低。在产卵期，肝脏和分支GS的活性也存在性别差异，这是由于雄性在表皮巢中繁殖和保护后代，而雌性则经常在沉积物上或在沉积物中挖洞。最后，肝和分支GS似乎具有不同的酶促活性模式，表明基因表达的功能差异。

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