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Phylogenetic, ecological, and ontogenetic factors influencing the biochemical structure of the blubber of odontocetes

机译：影响牙形突鲸脂生化结构的系统发生，生态和个体发育因素

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To explore ecological, phylogenetic, and developmental factors affecting the structure of blubber in Odontocetes (toothed whales), lipid composition of this specialized adipose tissue was determined in 260 specimens (30 species representing all families except the river dolphins), most of which were collected between 1995 and 2005, from all over the world. In most odontocetes, blubber contained primarily tria-cylglycerols; the blubber of beaked and sperm whales was dominated by wax esters (WE), exhibiting ontogenetic patterns of deposition. WEs may represent an adaptation to deep diving for marine mammals that do not rely on blubber for stored energy. Fatty acid (FA) composition was stratified through blubber depth, with higher concentrations of dietary FA in the inner and endogenous FA in the outer layers of the blubber. Stratification can be considered a characteristic feature of odontocetes, and is likely the result of differential metabolism through the blubber. Small body size appears to constrain blubber lipid content to be high. Thermal habitat also represents an important selective pressure for blubber composition. Species inhabiting colder waters exhibited both higher lipid content and increased FA stratification in blubber, compared to species from warm/tropical habitats. The isolation of mobilization to inner blubber may permit metabolic enzymes to function without limitation by lower temperatures. The variation in composition and distribution of blubber lipids in odontocetes suggests that different species may have evolved slightly diverse arrays of secondary functions for this specialized tissue as adaptations for specific ecological niches.
机译：为了探索影响齿形鲸（齿鲸）中脂肪结构的生态，系统发育和发育因素，在260个标本中确定了该特殊脂肪组织的脂质成分（代表30种，除了河豚以外，代表所有科）。从1995年到2005年，来自世界各地。在大多数牙本质动物中，润滑脂主要包含三甘油基甘油。喙鲸和抹香鲸的脂肪主要由蜡酯（WE）组成，表现出沉积的个体发育模式。 WEs可能代表了不依赖油脂来储存能量的海洋哺乳动物对深潜的适应。脂肪酸（FA）组合物根据润滑脂的深度进行分层，其中在脂肪的内层和外层的内源FA中，膳食FA的浓度较高。分层可以认为是牙本质的特征，并且可能是通过脂族代谢差异的结果。较小的体型似乎会限制脂肪脂含量较高。热生境也代表了润滑脂组成的重要选择压力。与来自温暖/热带生境的物种相比，生活在较冷水域的物种在油脂中表现出更高的脂质含量和更多的脂肪酸分层。将动员隔离到内部油脂可以使代谢酶发挥功能，而不受较低温度的限制。牙本质中脂类脂的组成和分布的变化表明，不同物种可能已进化出这种特殊组织的次要功能阵列，作为适应特定生态位的适度功能。

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