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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Uncommon diversity in developmental mode and larval form in the genus Macrophiothrix (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)
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Uncommon diversity in developmental mode and larval form in the genus Macrophiothrix (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

机译：Macrophiothrix（Echinodermata：Ophiuroidea）属在发育方式和幼体形式上的不常见多样性

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Development mode in the ophiuroid genus Macrophiothrix includes an unusual diversity of plank-tonic larval forms and feeding types. The modes of development for seven congeners that coexist in coral reef habitats at Lizard Island, Australia were compared using larvae generated from crosses over several reproductive seasons from 1999 to 2003. Three species (Macrophiothrix koehleri Clark, Macrophiothrix longipeda Lamarck, Macrophiothrix lorioli Clark) develop from small eggs ( < 170 μm) into typical obligately feeding planktonic (planktotrophic) pluteus larvae with four larval arm pairs. The remaining four species develop from larger eggs ( ≥ 230 μm) into either facultatively-feeding or non-feeding (lecithotrophic) larval forms. The facultative planktotroph (Macrophiothrix rhabdota Clark) retains the ability to digest and benefit from food but does not require particulate food to complete metamorphosis.-Among the lecithotrophic species, Macrophiothrix caenosa Hoggett retains the pluteus morphology with four pairs of larval arms, but is incapable of feeding, depending instead on maternal provisions for larval development. The remaining two lecithotrophs have simplified larval morphologies with only a single pair of full length (Macrophiothrix nereidina Lamarck) or highly reduced (Macrophiothrix belli Doderlein) larval arms and no functional mouth or gut. This genus includes the first example of facultative planktotrophy in ophiuroids, the first example in echinoderms of a complete pluteus morphology retained by a lecithotrophic larva, and three degrees of morphological simplification among lecithotrophic larval forms. Egg volume varies 20-fold among species and is related to variation in feeding mode, larval form, and development time, as predicted for the transition from planktotrophic to lecithotrophic development.
机译：蛇形类Macrophiothrix的发育模式包括浮游性幼虫形态和摄食类型的异常多样性。使用从1999年至2003年几个繁殖季节的杂交产生的幼虫，比较了在澳大利亚蜥蜴岛的珊瑚礁栖息地中共存的7种同类动物的发育方式。开发了3个物种（Macrophiothrix koehleri Clark，Macrophiothrix longipeda Lamarck，Macrophiothrix lorioli Clark）。从小卵（<170μm）到典型的有四个成对幼虫臂的浮游性（浮游性）斜尾幼虫。其余四个物种从较大的卵（≥230μm）发育为兼性摄食或非摄食（卵营养）幼虫。兼性浮游动物（Macrophiothrix rhabdota Clark）保留了从食物中消化和受益的能力，但不需要颗粒食物即可完成变态。-在食营养物种中，Macrophiothrix caenosa Hoggett保留了具有四对幼虫臂的臀肌形态，但无能为力。喂养方式，取决于母体对幼体发育的规定。其余的两个兽营养体具有简化的幼虫形态，仅具有一对全长（Macrophiothrix nereidina Lamarck）或高度减少的（Macrophiothrix belli Doderlein）幼虫臂，而没有功能性的嘴或肠。该属包括鳞状类风湿性兼性浮游的第一个例子，棘皮动物的幼体保留了完整的臀大肌形态的棘皮类动物的第一个例子，以及卵形营养性幼虫形式的三个形态学简化。卵的数量在不同物种之间变化20倍，并且与进食模式，幼体形式和发育时间的变化有关，如从浮生营养到营养营养发育的过渡所预测的那样。

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