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Reef recovery 20 years after the 1982-1983 El Nino massive mortality

机译:在1982年至1983年厄尔尼诺现象之后20年珊瑚礁恢复大量死亡

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For over 20 years the El Nino-Southern Osclllation (ENSO) has caused damage to the coral reefs of the eastern Paclfic and other regions. In the mid-1980s sclentists estimated that coral cover was reduced by 50-100% in several countries across the region. Almost 20 years (2002) after the 1982-1983 event, we assessed the recovery of the virtually destroyed reefs at Cocos Island (Costa Rica), previously evaluated in 1987 and reported to have less than 4% live coral cover. We observed up to fivefold increase in live coral cover which varied among reefs surveyed in 1987 and 2002. Most new recruits and adults belonged to the main reef building specles from pre-1982 ENSO, Porites lobata, suggesting that a disturbance as outstanding as El Nino was not sufficlent to change the role or composition of the dominant specles, contrary to phase shifts reported for the Caribbean. During the 1990s, new specles were observed growing on the reefs. Notably, Leptoseris scabra, considered to be rare in the entire Paclfic, was commonly found in the area. Recovery may have begun with the sexual and asexual recruits of the few surviving colo- nies of P. lobata and Pavona spp. and with long distance transport of larvae from remote reefs. We found an overall 23% live coral cover by 2002 and with one reef above 58% indicating that Cocos Island coral reefs are recovering.
机译:20多年来,厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)对东帕夫里奇和其他地区的珊瑚礁造成了破坏。在1980年代中期,专家们估计该地区几个国家的珊瑚覆盖率降低了50-100%。在1982年至1983年事件发生后的近20年(2002年),我们评估了科科斯岛(哥斯达黎加)几乎被破坏的礁石的恢复情况,该礁石此前曾于1987年进行过评估,据报道其活珊瑚覆盖率不到4%。我们观察到的活珊瑚覆盖率增加了五倍,这在1987年和2002年进行的调查中因珊瑚礁而异。大多数新兵和成年鱼都属于1982年前ENSO的主要珊瑚礁建设物种Porites lobata,这表明像厄尔尼诺现象一样严重不能改变优势种的作用或组成,这与加勒比地区报道的相移相反。在1990年代,珊瑚礁上出现了新物种。值得注意的是,Leptoseris scabra被认为在整个帕弗里奇地区很罕见,通常在该地区发现。康复可能已经开始了,从几个幸存的球状疟原虫和Pavona菌种的有性和无性的新手开始。并可以从偏远的珊瑚礁远距离运输幼体。我们发现到2002年总体活珊瑚覆盖率为23%,其中一个礁石超过58%,这表明科科斯岛的珊瑚礁正在恢复。

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