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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Contrasting foraging tactics by northern gannets (Sula bassana) breeding in different oceanographic domains with different prey fields
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Contrasting foraging tactics by northern gannets (Sula bassana) breeding in different oceanographic domains with different prey fields

机译：北部塘鹅在不同海洋域，不同猎物场中繁殖的相反觅食策略

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摘要

In order to forage and to provision offspring effectively, seabirds negotiate a complex of behavioural, energetic, environmental and social constraints. In first tests of GPS loggers with seabirds in North America, we investigated the foraging tactics of free-ranging northern gannets (Sula bassana) at a large and a mediumsized colony that differed in oceanography, coastal position and prey fields. Gannets at Low Arctic colony (Funk Island) 50 km off the northeast coast of Newfoundland, Canada provisioned chicks almost entirely with small forage fish (capelin Mallotus villosus, 89%), while at boreal colony (Bonaventure Island) 3 km from shore in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Quebec, Canada, large pelagic fish dominated parental prey loads (Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus 50%, Atlantic herring Clupea harengus 33%). Mean foraging range and the total distance travelled per foraging trip were significantly greater at the larger inshore colony (Bonaventure) than at the smaller offshore colony (Funk Island; 138 and 452 km vs. 64 and 196 km, respectively). Gannets from Funk Island consistently travelled inshore to forage on reproductive capelin shoals near the coast, whereas foraging flights of birds from Bonaventure were much more variable in direction and destination. Birds from the Low Arctic colony foraged in colder sea surface water than did birds from the boreal colony, and dive characteristics differed between colonies, which is concordent with the difference in prey base. Differences between the colonies reflect oceanographic and colony-size influences on prey fields that shape individual foraging tactics and in turn generate higher level colony-specific foraging "strategies".
机译：为了有效地觅食和提供后代，海鸟们在行为，精力，环境和社会方面都进行了复杂的协商。在北美对带有海鸟的GPS记录仪的首次测试中，我们调查了北大塘鹅（Sula bassana）在大中型殖民地上散布的觅食策略，这些殖民地在海洋学，沿海地区和猎物领域有所不同。在距加拿大纽芬兰东北海岸50公里的低北极殖民地（放克岛）的塘鹅几乎完全给小鸡饲喂小饲料鱼（毛鳞鱼Mallotus villosus，占89％），而在北方殖民地（Bonaventure岛）距岸岸3公里。加拿大魁北克省的圣劳伦斯湾，大型中上层鱼类占主导地位的父母猎物负载（大西洋鲭鱼Scomber scombrus为50％，大西洋鲱鱼Clupea harengus为33％）。在较大的近海殖民地（Bonaventure），平均觅食范围和每次觅食旅行的总距离显着大于较小的近海殖民地（Funk Island；分别为138和452 km和64和196 km）。来自芬克岛的塘鹅一直在海岸附近沿海繁殖的毛鳞鱼浅滩觅食，而从Bonaventure觅食的鸟类在方向和目的地上的变化更大。低北极殖民地的鸟类在海表水中觅食的温度要比北方殖民地的鸟类低，而且不同殖民地的潜水特征也有所不同，这与猎物基数的差异是一致的。殖民地之间的差异反映了海洋和殖民地规模对猎物领域的影响，这些影响塑造了个体的觅食策略，进而产生了更高级别的特定于殖民地的觅食“策略”。

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