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Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) spawning seasonality in European waters of the northeast Atlantic

机译：沙丁鱼（Sardina pilchardus）在东北大西洋的欧洲水域产生季节性

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Egg data from ichthyoplankton monitoring sites in the western English Channel (1988-2003) and northern Spain (1990-2000) and macroscopic maturity data from biological samples of purse seine landings in western and southern Iberia (1980-2004) are used to describe the spawning seasonality of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in European waters of the northeast Atlantic using generalised additive models. The fitted models reveal a double peak in spawning activity during early summer and autumn in the western Channel, a wider spring peak off northern Spain and a broad winter season in the western and southern Iberian Peninsula. At all sites, a high probability of spawning activity was observed over at least 3 months of the year, with the duration of the season increasing with both decreasing latitude and increasing fish size. Off western and southern Iberia there are indications that the spawning season has been of longer duration in recent years for all size classes (reaching in some cases 8 months of the year for large fish). These patterns are in general agreement with existing literature and theoretical expectations of sardine spawning being driven locally by the seasonal cycle of water temperature, assuming preferences for spawning at 14 -15℃ and avoidance for temperatures below 12℃ and above 16℃. Regional quotient plots indicated that spawning tolerance to higher temperatures increases progressively with decreasing latitude. Despite the weak evidence for geographical differences in temperature tolerance that may have some genetic origin, the degree of spatio-temporal overlap in sardine-spawning activity within Atlantic European waters is unlikely to promote any reproductive isolation in that area.
机译：来自西英吉利海峡（1988-2003）和西班牙北部（1990-2000）鱼类浮游动物监测点的卵数据以及伊比利亚西部和南部（1980-2004）围网围网捕捞生物样品的宏观成熟度数据用于描述使用广义加性模型在东北大西洋的欧洲水域中产生沙丁鱼（Sardina pilchardus）的季节性。拟合的模型显示了西海峡初夏和秋季产卵活动的双高峰，西班牙北部海域的春季峰较宽，伊比利亚半岛西部和南部的冬季较宽。在所有地点，一年至少三个月内观察到产卵活动的可能性很高，随着纬度的减小和鱼尺寸的增加，季节的持续时间增加。在伊比利亚西部和南部地区，有迹象表明，近年来所有规模规格的产卵期持续时间较长（在某些情况下，大型鱼类的产卵季节有时达到8个月）。这些模式与现有文献和沙丁鱼产卵的理论预期基本吻合，沙丁鱼产卵受水温季节周期的局部驱动，假设偏好在14 -15℃产卵，避免在12℃以下和16℃以上的温度产卵。区域商图表明，随着纬度的降低，对更高温度的产卵耐受性逐渐提高。尽管关于耐温性地理差异的证据不充分，可能有一定的遗传起源，但是大西洋大西洋水域中沙丁鱼产卵活动的时空重叠程度不太可能促进该地区的任何生殖隔离。

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