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Linking abundance and diversity of sponge-associated microbial communities to metabolic differences in host sponges

机译：将海绵相关微生物群落的丰富性和多样性与宿主海绵的代谢差异联系起来

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Many sponge species contain large and diverse communities of microorganisms. Some of these microbes are suggested to be in a mutualistic interaction with their host sponges, but there is little evidence to support these hypotheses. Stable nitrogen isotope ratios of sponges in the Key Largo, Florida (USA) area grouped sponges into species with relatively low δ~(15)N ratios and species with relatively high δ~(15)N ratios. Using samples collected in June 2002 from Three Sisters Reef and Conch Reef in the Key Largo, Florida area, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were performed on tissues of the sponges Ircinia felix and Aply-sina cauliformis, which are in the low δ~(15)N group, and on tissue of the sponge Niphates erecta, which is in the high δ~(15)N group. Results showed that I. felix and A. cauliformis have large and diverse microbial communities, while N. erectarnhas a low biomass of one bacterial strain. As the low δ~(15)N ratios indicated a microbial input of nitrogen, these results suggested that I. felix and A. cauliformis were receiving nitrogen from their associated microbial community, while N. erecta was obtaining nitrogen solely from external sources. Sequence analysis of the microbial communities showed a diversity of metabolic capabilities among the microbes of the low δ~(15)N group, which are lacking in the high δ~(15)N group, further supporting metabolic differences between the two groups. This research provides support for hypotheses of mutualisms between sponges and their associated microbial communities.
机译：许多海绵物种包含大量多样的微生物群落。这些微生物中的一些被认为与它们的宿主海绵相互影响，但是很少有证据支持这些假设。美国佛罗里达州基拉戈地区海绵的稳定氮同位素比将海绵分为δ〜（15）N比相对较低的物种和δ〜（15）N比相对较高的物种。使用2002年6月在佛罗里达州基拉戈地区的三姐妹礁和海螺礁收集的样本，对海绵状Ircinia felix和Aply-sina cauliformis的海绵组织进行了透射电子显微镜（TEM）和变性梯度凝胶电泳。低δ〜（15）N组，以及位于高δ〜（15）N组的直立海绵海绵组织上。结果表明，费利克斯菌和花椰菜具有较大而多样的微生物群落，而直立猪笼草的微生物量较低。由于低的δ〜（15）N比值表明微生物输入了氮，这些结果表明，费利克斯菌和花椰菜从其相关的微生物群落中吸收氮，而直立猪笼草仅从外部来源获得氮。微生物群落的序列分析表明，低δ〜（15）N组微生物缺乏高δ〜（15）N组的代谢能力，这进一步支持了两组之间的代谢差异。这项研究为海绵及其相关微生物群落之间的共生假设提供了支持。

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