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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Antimicrobial activities of extracts from tropical Atlantic marine plants against marine pathogens and saprophytes
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Antimicrobial activities of extracts from tropical Atlantic marine plants against marine pathogens and saprophytes

机译：热带大西洋海洋植物提取物对海洋病原体和腐生植物的抗菌活性

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Studies investigating disease resistance in marine plants have indicated that secondary metabolites may have important defensive functions against harmful marine microorganisms. The goal of this study was to systematically screen extracts from marine plants for antimicrobial effects against marine pathogens and saprophytes. Lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts from species of 49 marine algae and 3 seagrasses collected in the tropical Atlantic were screened for antimicrobial activity against five ecologically relevant marine microorganisms from three separate kingdoms. These assay microbes consisted of the pathogenic fungus Lindra thalassiae, the saprophytic fungus Dendryphiella salina, the saprophytic stramenopiles, Halophytophthora spin-osa and Schizochytrium aggregatum, and the pathogenic bacterium Pseudoaltermonas bacteriolytica. Overall, 90% of all species surveyed yielded extracts that were active against one or more, and 77% yielded extracts that were active against two or more assay microorganisms. Broad-spectrum activity against three or four assay microorganisms was observed in the extracts from 48 and 27% of all species, respectively. The green algae Halimeda copiosa and Penicillus capitatus (Chlorophyta) were the only species to yield extracts active against all assay microorganisms. Among all assay microorganisms, both fungi were the most resistant to the extracts tested, with less than 21% of all extracts inhibiting the growth of either L. thalassiae or D. salina. In contrast, over half of all lipophylic extracts were active against the stramenopiles H. spinosa and S. aggregatum, and the bacterium P. bacteriolytica. Growth sensitivity to hydrophilic extracts varied considerably between individual assay microorganisms. While 48% of all hydro-philic extracts were active against H. spinosa, 27% were active against P. bacteriolytica, and only 14% were active against S. aggregatum. Overall, more lipophilic extracts inhibited microbial growth than hydrophilic extracts. The variability observed in the antimicrobial effects of individual extracts against each assay microorganism reflects the importance of choosing appropriate test microbes in assays from which ecologically relevant information is sought. Results from this survey demonstrate that antimicrobial activities are prevalent among extracts from marine algae and seagrasses, suggesting that antimicrobial chemical defenses are widespread among marine plants.
机译：调查海洋植物抗病性的研究表明，次生代谢产物可能对有害的海洋微生物具有重要的防御功能。这项研究的目的是系统地筛选海洋植物提取物对海洋病原体和腐生菌的抗菌作用。筛选了来自热带大西洋地区的49种海藻和3种海草物种的亲脂性和亲水性提取物，它们对来自三个不同王国的五种与生态相关的海洋微生物具有抗菌活性。这些测定微生物由致病性真菌Lindra thalassiae，腐生性真菌Dendryphiella salina，腐生性stramenopiles，嗜盐嗜盐菌和共生裂殖壶菌以及致病性细菌Pseudoaltermonas bacteriolytica组成。总体而言，接受调查的所有物种中有90％产生了对一种或多种活性的提取物，而77％产生了对两种或多种测定微生物的活性的提取物。在分别来自所有物种的48％和27％的提取物中观察到针对三种或四种测定微生物的广谱活性。绿藻Halimeda copiosa和Penicillus capitatus（Chlorophyta）是唯一产生对所有测定微生物具有活性的提取物的物种。在所有测定微生物中，两种真菌均对测试的提取物具有最强的抵抗力，所有提取物中只有不到21％抑制了拟南芥或D. salina的生长。相比之下，所有脂类提取物中有超过一半的活性对stramenopiles H. spinosa和S. aaggregatum以及细菌P. bacteriolytica具有活性。在各个测定微生物之间，对亲水性提取物的生长敏感性差异很大。尽管所有亲水性提取物中有48％的抗刺棘孢菌活性，而27％的抗溶菌杆菌活性，而只有14％的活性抗聚集体链球菌。总体而言，比亲水性提取物更多的亲脂性提取物抑制微生物生长。在各个提取物对每种测定微生物的抗微生物作用中观察到的变异性反映了在从中寻求生态相关信息的测定中选择合适的测试微生物的重要性。该调查的结果表明，抗菌活性在海藻和海草的提取物中普遍存在，这表明抗菌化学防御作用在海洋植物中广泛存在。

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