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Resource degradation: a subtle effect of bottom fishing

机译：资源退化：底层捕捞的微妙影响

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Populations of hermit crabs are critically limited by the availability of suitable gastropod shells that they utilise to reduce their risk of predation and environmental stress. Common whelks are the main source of shells for large hermit crabs in the northern Atlantic but are vulnerable to direct and indirect effects of fishing activity. This study examined the potential consequences of degrading shell resources for common hermit crabs. Laboratory trials demonstrated that hermit crabs avoid low-quality damaged shells throughout their life history. This laboratory preference was corroborated by direct field observations of shells preferentially occupied by hermit crabs, compared with shells available for occupation. In the field, 8 times as many empty shells had holes compared to shells occupied by hermit crabs. In the North Sea, the abundance and biomass of live whelks and hermit crabs collected at sites where they co-occurred were significantly related. However, whelks occurred at far fewer sites overall and were more patchily distributed at high abundance than hermit crabs, which were more widespread. At a subset of sites, whelks of the same body-mass range occurred in the Irish and North Sea. However, at these sites, hermit crabs sampled from the North Sea had a significantly lower biomass. This suggests that the shells available for occupation at the North Sea sites would not support crabs of a body mass comparable to that found in the Irish Sea. Using published data, we calculated that in some of the intensively fished areas of the North Sea, 24% of the available shell resource will be damaged each year. The reduction in shell quality in the North Sea may impose a physical constraint on the upper size limit currently attainable by hermit crabs and hence may have implications for population viability.
机译：寄居蟹的种群受到合适的腹足动物贝壳的可用性的严格限制，它们被用来减少捕食和环境压力的风险。普通海螺是北大西洋大型寄居蟹带壳的主要来源，但容易受到捕鱼活动的直接和间接影响。这项研究研究了降低常见寄居蟹壳资源的潜在后果。实验室试验表明，寄居蟹在其整个生命过程中都避免使用劣质的贝壳。与可占领的贝壳相比，对寄居蟹优先占据的贝壳进行的直接现场观察证实了这种实验室的偏爱。在田间，有空壳的洞是寄居蟹所占据的壳的8倍。在北海，在它们共同存在的地点收集的活海螺和寄居蟹的丰度和生物量具有显着相关性。但是，与寄居蟹相比，它们在总体上少得多的地方发生，并且以较高的丰度分布得更零散。在一部分地点，爱尔兰和北海出现了相同体重范围的海螺。但是，在这些地点，从北海采样的寄居蟹的生物量明显降低。这表明在北海地点可用于占领的贝壳不能支撑体重与爱尔兰海相当的螃蟹。使用已发布的数据，我们计算出，在北海的一些集约化捕鱼区中，每年有24％的可用贝壳资源将受到破坏。北海贝壳质量的下降可能会对寄居蟹目前可达到的大小上限施加物理限制，因此可能对种群生存能力产生影响。

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