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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Evidence of a new feeding mode in western sandpiper (Calidris mauri) and dunlin (Calidris alpina) based on bill and tongue morphology and ultrastructure
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Evidence of a new feeding mode in western sandpiper (Calidris mauri) and dunlin (Calidris alpina) based on bill and tongue morphology and ultrastructure

机译：基于嘴和舌头形态和超微结构的西部sand（Calidris mauri）和Dunlin（Calidris alpina）的新饲养方式的证据

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摘要

Sandpipers of the genus Calidris tend to have similar body shapes and use narrow, tubular bills to feed on invertebrates in aquatic habitats over an extensive migratory range. Highly plastic foraging behaviours have been displayed but the associations between diet and feeding mechanics are less well understood. Here, scanning electron microscopy was used to relate the ultrastructure of the bills and tongues of two sympatric congeners, western sandpiper (C. mauri) and dunlin (C. alpina), to function and elucidate the sensory and mechanical basis to feeding. The morphology of the relatively larger, more robust bill of the dunlin suggests specialization for probing although both species are known to feed on epifaunal and infaunal prey. In general, external and internal bill features appear similar for the congeners and the microstructure of taste bud and salivary gland complexes in their mouth cavities correspond to descriptions for other birds. However, the tongues of the two species are remarkable for their distinctive micro-structural details as well as copious mucus and extraneous material. In particular, each species has unique tongue papillae, and the keratinized lateral spines along the edges and at the tips of the western sandpiper tongue are markedly longer and denser than for those of the dunlin. Based on the unique features of the tongues and associated observations, inter-species differences in foraging performance can be inferred. Further, evidence suggests that the western sandpiper, and, to a lesser extent, the dunlin, deposit feed on surficial biofilm materials, as opposed to incidentally imbibing such materials while targeting epifaunal prey. Commensurate with the evidence, a novel functional and mechanistic case for unfiltered biofilm grazing in birds is proposed.
机译：Calidris属的矶pi倾向于具有相似的身体形状，并使用狭窄的管状票据在广泛的迁徙范围内以水生生境中的无脊椎动物为食。已经显示出高度可塑性的觅食行为，但是人们对饮食与喂养机理之间的关联了解得很少。在这里，使用扫描电子显微镜将两个同族同类动物西sand（C。mauri）和都林（C. alpina）的舌头和舌头的超微结构联系起来，以阐明其进食的感觉和机械基础。都灵较大，更健壮的喙的形态表明，专门进行了探测，尽管已知这两种物种都以表足和in内的猎物为食。通常，同类动物的外部和内部票据特征看起来相似，并且其味腔中的味蕾和唾液腺复合物的微观结构与其他鸟类的描述相对应。然而，这两个物种的舌头因其独特的微观结构细节以及大量的粘液和外来物质而引人注目。特别是，每个物种都有独特的舌头乳突，而西部sand嘴舌头的边缘和尖端的角质化侧棘明显比都林的更长且更密。根据舌头的独特特征和相关的观察，可以推断出种间在觅食性能上的差异。此外，有证据表明，西部sand和较小的都灵将饲料沉积在表面生物被膜材料上，而不是在靶向表粪的猎物时偶然吸收这些材料。与此证据相称，提出了一种新的功能和机制的案例，用于未过滤的鸟类生物膜放牧。

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