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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Changes in morphology and physiology of an East Mediterranean sponge in different habitats
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Changes in morphology and physiology of an East Mediterranean sponge in different habitats

机译：东地中海海绵在不同栖息地的形态和生理变化

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The sponge Tetilla sp. (Tetractinomorpha: Tetillidae) is a common species in the eastern Mediterranean. This sponge inhabits four different habitat types differing in wave impact and irradiance levels. Two of these habitats (a shallow cave and deep water) are characterized by relatively calm water, whereas the other two (shallow exposed site and tide pools) are in turbulent water with high energy flow. The present study examined the influence of physical (depth, illumination and water motion) and biotic factors on morphology, skeletal plasticity and reproductive traits among the four spatially separated populations. Sponges from tidal pools had significantly larger body volume than sponges from deep water and from shallow caves (ANOVA: tidal-deep P< 0.0001; tidal-shallow caves P< 0.05). Sponges from exposed habitats were significantly larger than deep-water sponges (ANOVA: P=0.01). In addition, individuals from tide pools and from the exposed habitat had a significantly higher proportion of structural silica than sponges from the calmer deep water and from the cave sites. Oxea spicules in sponges from the calm habitats were significantly shorter than in those from the tidal pools and the exposed habitats. The percentage of spicules out of a sponge's dry weight in individuals transplanted from deep (calm) to shallow (turbulent) water significantly increased by 21.9&PLUSMN; 12.9%. The new spicule percentage did not differ significantly from that of sponges originally from shallow water. Oocyte diameter differed significantly between habitats. The maximal size of mature eggs was found in deep-water sponges in June (97&PLUSMN; 5 μ m). In the shallow habitats, a smaller maximal oocyte diameter was found in the cave, in May (56.5&PLUSMN; 3 μ m). Furthermore, oocyte density in shallow-water sponges was highest in May and decreased in June (with 88.2&PLUSMN; 9 and 19.3&PLUSMN; 9 oocytes mm(-2), respectively). At the same time (June), oocyte density of deep-water sponges had just reached its maximum (155&PLUSMN; 33.7 oocytes mm(-2)). The difference in oocyte size and density between deep- and shallow-water individuals indicates an earlier gamete release in the shallow sponge population. The results suggest that plasticity in skeletal design of this sponge indicates a trade off between spicule production and investment in reproduction.
机译：海绵Tetilla sp。 （Tetractinomorpha：Tetillidae）是地中海东部的常见物种。这种海绵居住在四种不同的栖息地类型上，它们的波影响和辐照度水平不同。这些生境中的两个（浅洞穴和深水）的特征是相对平静的水，而其他两个生境（浅的裸露地点和潮汐池）则处于湍流的水中，能量流很大。本研究调查了物理上（深度，光照和水运动）和生物因素对四个空间上分离的种群的形态，骨骼可塑性和生殖性状的影响。潮池中的海绵体的容积明显大于深水和浅洞穴中的海绵（方差分析：潮深洞穴P＆LT； 0.0001；潮汐浅洞穴P＆LT； 0.05）。来自裸露栖息地的海绵明显大于深水海绵（方差分析：P = 0.01）。此外，潮汐池中和裸露的栖息地中的个体具有的二氧化硅结构比例要比平静的深水和洞穴中的海绵高得多。来自平静栖息地的海绵中的Oxea针头明显短于来自潮汐池和裸露栖息地的海绵中的。从深水（镇静）移植到浅水（湍流）的个体中，海绵干重中的针尖百分比显着增加了21.9＆PLUSMN； 12.9％。新的针剂百分比与最初来自浅水的海绵的百分比没有显着差异。不同生境之间的卵母细胞直径差异显着。在六月的深水海绵中发现了最大的成熟卵大小（97和PLUSMN； 5μm）。在浅层生境中，5月在洞穴中发现了较小的最大卵母细胞直径（56.5和PLUSMN； 3μm）。此外，浅水海绵中的卵母细胞密度在5月最高，6月下降（分别为88.2＆PLUSMN； 9和19.3＆PLUSMN； 9个卵母细胞mm（-2））。同时（6月），深水海绵的卵母细胞密度刚刚达到最大值（155＆PLUSMN； 33.7卵母细胞mm（-2））。深水和浅水个体之间卵母细胞大小和密度的差异表明浅海绵种群中的配子释放较早。结果表明，这种海绵的骨架设计具有可塑性，表明在针刺生产和生殖投资之间进行了权衡。

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