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Quantifying effects of pollution on biodiversity: a case study of highly diverse molluscan assemblages in the Mediterranean

机译：量化污染对生物多样性的影响：以地中海地区多种多样的软体动物群落为例

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Structured sampling designs are important in the assessment of environmental impacts of variable ecological systems. Recent developments have provided a useful framework extending existing univariate techniques into a multivariate context. Measures of taxo-nomic relatedness have also been introduced, which complement existing measures of diversity of assemblages. In this study, the potential effects of sewage discharge on spatial patterns of highly diverse molluscan assemblages in a Mediterranean rocky subtidal habitat were investigated. Nine 20 cmx20 cm quadrats were taken from each of three sites (80 m-100 m apart) within a putatively impacted location near a sewage outfall (I) and at each of two control locations (Cs) by destructive sampling by SCUBA divers at a depth of 3 rn-4 m. A total of 5507 specimens of 151 species were collected. The average and the variance in total abundance of molluscs were greater, on average, at I than at Cs. Higher abundances at the sewage outfall were largely driven by greater numbers of juvenile molluscs. The Shannon diversity of molluscs (H') was significantly lower at I, but no difference among locations was detected for the total number of species (S). In addition, the taxonomic distinctness (△~*) of molluscs was greater at Cs, although it was more variable at I. Multivariate analyses showed that there was a significant difference in the structure of assemblages at I compared with Cs. The location near the outfall was characterized by greater abundances of several species, including especially the gastropods Pusillina philippi, Bittium latreilli, and Bit-Hum reticulatum. There was also greater variability in the structure of assemblages among sites and among quadrats at control locations compared to those near the outfall. Using a suite of univariate and multivariate measures, including diversity indices, detailed information on taxonomic structure and analyses of variability at different spatial scales, provided useful insights into the effects of sewage impacts on these diverse assemblages. These results also highlighted the importance of analysing measures of variance, as well as mean in considering effects of stress in natural communities.
机译：结构化的抽样设计对于评估可变生态系统的环境影响非常重要。最近的发展提供了一个有用的框架，将现有的单变量技术扩展到多变量环境中。还引入了分类学相关性度量，以补充现有的集合多样性度量。在这项研究中，研究了污水排放对地中海岩石潮下生境中高度多样的软体动物组合的空间格局的潜在影响。在SCUBA潜水员通过破坏性采样从一个污水排污口（I）和两个控制地点（Cs）的一个假定受影响的地点中的三个地点（相距80 m-100 m）中的每一个地点采集了九个20 cmx20 cm的方形方块。深度3 rn-4 m。总共收集了151个物种的5507个标本。平均而言，软体动物的平均丰度和总丰度的方差在I处大于Cs。幼稚软体动物数量的增加是造成排污口水量增加的主要原因。软体动物的香农多样性（H'）在I时显着降低，但在物种总数（S）中未发现位置之间的差异。另外，软体动物的分类学区别度（△〜*）在Cs处更大，尽管在I处变化更大。多变量分析表明，与Cs相比，I处的组合物结构存在显着差异。排污口附近的位置以几种物种的丰度为特征，尤其是腹足纲的菲律宾飞蛾、,蝶和网纹犀。与排污口附近的地点相比，控制地点的地点之间和方方之间的集合结构的变异性也更大。使用一套单变量和多变量测度，包括多样性指数，有关分类结构的详细信息以及不同空间尺度上的可变性分析，可提供有用的见解，以了解污水对这些不同组合的影响。这些结果还强调了分析方差测量的重要性，以及在考虑自然社区压力的影响时的均值。

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