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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Indicators of physiological and immunological status of Litopenaeus setiferus wild populations (Crustacea, Penaeidae)
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Indicators of physiological and immunological status of Litopenaeus setiferus wild populations (Crustacea, Penaeidae)

机译：设置对虾（Litopenaeus setiferus）野生种群（甲壳纲，对虾科）的生理和免疫状况指标

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摘要

Constant environmental changes in oceanic and estuarine systems due to human activity in coastal zones require different tools and strategies for their study to be able to assess the health status of aquatic ecosystems. The Gulf of Mexico has a tremendous ecological importance because of its biological diversity. Baseline levels of blood metabolites and immune components were defined for wild tropical populations of Litopenaeus setiferus, an important shrimp species of the Gulf of Mexico. Osmotic pressure, oxy hemocyanin (OxyHc), glucose, proteins, cholesterol, lactate, and triacylglycerols (TAG) were used as indicators of physiological status; pro phenoloxydase (proPO) and phenoloxydase (PO) quantification of hemocytes, as well as respiratory burst, were used to assess the immunological status. Significant differences were observed in live weight of juveniles, males, and females of L. setiferus with mean values of 10.54, 35.05, and 40.33) g, respectively. A value of 460 mOsm/kg was recorded in the water where Juveniles were sampled and 1,000 mOsm/kg in adult sampling zones. Consequently, the osmotic pressure of L. setiferus juveniles (718.02 mOsm/kg) was 22% lower than in adults (925 mOsm/kg); there were no differences between sexes. A significantly lower value in Juvenile OxyHc was observed. This value was 24 and 16% lower than that observed in males and females, respectively. Hemolymph glucose, cholesterol, and triacylglycerol levels were not statistically different between shrimp stages, showing median values of 0.19, 0.32, and 0.39 mg/ml of glucose, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols, respectively. Hemocyanin was distributed normally in the juvenile male population but not in females. A proportion between 52 to 81% of OxyHc of the total protein (OxyHc/Prot) was obtained for all stages. Digestive gland glycogen showed no normal distribution in juveniles and adults. Digestive gland glycogen was significantly higher in Juveniles (median value of 2.64 mg/g) than in adults (median value of 1.58 mg/g). A higher value of lactate (0.11 mg/ml) was observed in juveniles than in males (0.09 mg/ml) and females (0.04 mg/ml). Granular cells (GC) corresponded to 36, 44, and 39% of the total hemocytes (TH) observed in Juveniles, males, and females. ProPO showed no normal distribution in all stages. A high proPO activity was recorded in L. setiferus females that was 95% higher than in the juvenile-male group. Respiratory burst was divided into two groups, juveniles-males and females, and was distributed normally in both. Female respiratory burst values were 40 and 45% higher than those observed in the juvenile and male groups, respectively. There was an increment in OxyHc, proteins, PO, hemocytes, and respiratory burst with an increase in body weight. In contrast, the relationship of live weight to glucose, TAG, and proPO revealed no significant regressions. A significant decrease in cholesterol, glycogen, and lactate with an increase in body weight was also observed. We now have indicators of nutritional and immune status of juveniles and adults that can reveal changes in trophic relations and health at the population level. This will serve as a basis for using L. setiferus as environmental sentinels, as non-controversial and inexpensive models to evaluate the potential changes that human activities could exert on this important marine ecosystem.
机译：由于人类在沿海地区的活动，海洋和河口系统不断发生环境变化，因此需要不同的研究工具和策略来评估水生生态系统的健康状况。墨西哥湾由于其生物多样性而具有极大的生态重要性。为墨西哥湾重要对虾物种Litopenaeus setiferus的野生热带种群确定了血液代谢物和免疫成分的基线水平。渗透压，血红蛋白（OxyHc），葡萄糖，蛋白质，胆固醇，乳酸盐和三酰甘油（TAG）被用作生理状态的指标。血细胞的酚氧化酶原（proPO）和酚氧化酶（PO）的定量以及呼吸爆发被用来评估免疫学状态。观察到L. setiferus的幼虫，雄性和雌性的活重有显着差异，平均值分别为10.54、35.05和40.33）g。在幼鱼取样水中记录的值为460 mOsm / kg，在成年取样区记录的值为1,000 mOsm / kg。因此，L。setiferus幼鱼的渗透压（718.02 mOsm / kg）比成人（925 mOsm / kg）低22％；性别之间没有差异。观察到青少年OxyHc的值明显较低。该值分别比男性和女性低24％和16％。虾阶段之间的血淋巴葡萄糖，胆固醇和三酰甘油水平无统计学差异，分别显示葡萄糖，胆固醇和三酰甘油的中位数分别为0.19、0.32和0.39 mg / ml。血红蛋白在青少年男性人群中正常分布，而在女性人群中则没有。在所有阶段，总蛋白的OxyHc的比例在52％至81％之间（OxyHc / Prot）。消化腺糖原在青少年和成年人中没有正态分布。少年的消化腺糖原含量（中值2.64 mg / g）显着高于成人（中值1.58 mg / g）。在少年中观察到的乳酸值（0.11 mg / ml）高于雄性（0.09 mg / ml）和雌性（0.04 mg / ml）。颗粒细胞（GC）分别对应于少年，雄性和雌性中观察到的总血细胞（TH）的36％，44％和39％。 ProPO在所有阶段均未显示正态分布。在L. setiferus雌性中记录到较高的proPO活性，比幼年雄性组高95％。呼吸爆发分为两组，男性和女性，并在两组中正常分布。女性的呼吸爆发值分别比少年和男性组高40％和45％。随着体重增加，OxyHc，蛋白质，PO，血细胞和呼吸爆发增加。相比之下，活重与葡萄糖，TAG和proPO的关系显示无显着的回归。还观察到胆固醇，糖原和乳酸盐的显着降低以及体重的增加。现在，我们掌握了青少年和成年人的营养和免疫状况指标，这些指标可以揭示人群营养关系和健康状况的变化。这将成为使用L. setiferus作为环境定点的基础，作为无争议且廉价的模型来评估人类活动可能对这一重要海洋生态系统产生的潜在变化。

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