Similarity in predator-specific anti-predator behavior in ecologically distinct limpet species, Scurria viridula (Lottiidae) and Fissurella latimarginata (Fissurellidae)

Aguilera Moises A.; Weiss Monika; Thiel Martin

摘要

Many marine gastropods show species-specific behavioral responses to different predators, but less is known about the mechanisms influencing differences or similarities in specific responses. Herein, we examined whether two limpet species, Scurria viridula (Lamarck, 1819) and Fissurella latimarginata (Sowerby, 1835), show species- and size-specific similarities or differences in their reaction to predatory seastars and crabs. Both S. viridula and F. latimarginata reacted to their main seastar predators with escape responses. In contrast, both limpets did not flee from common crab predators, but, instead, fastened to the rock. All tested size classes of both limpet species reacted in a similar way, escaping from seastars, but clamping onto the rock in response to crabs. Limpets could reach velocities sufficient to outrun their specific seastar predators, but they were not fast enough to escape crabs. Experiments with limpets of different shell conditions (with and without shell damage) indicated that F. latimarginata with a damaged shell showed accommodation movements (slow movements away from stimulus) in response to predatory crabs. In contrast, intact F. latimarginata and all S. viridula (intact and damaged) clamped the shell down to the substratum. The response details suggest that the keyhole limpet F. latimarginata is more sensitive to predators (faster reaction time, longer escape distances, and higher proportion of reacting individuals) than S. viridula, possibly because the morphology of F. latimarginata (the relationship of its shell size and structure to its total body size) makes this species more vulnerable to predation. Our study suggests that chemically mediated effects of seastar and crab predators result in contrasting behavioral responses of both limpet species, independent of their habitat and morphology. Despite the different characteristics of the limpet species and the identity of predators, the limpets react in comparable ways to similar predator types.

机译：许多海洋腹足动物对不同的天敌表现出特定物种的行为反应，但对影响特定反应差异或相似性的机制知之甚少。在这里，我们检查了两个帽贝物种Scurria viridula（Lamarck，1819）和Fissurella latimarginata（Sowerby，1835）在它们对掠食性海星和螃蟹的反应中是否显示出物种和大小特定的相似性或差异。 S. viridula和F. latimarginata对主要海星捕食者都有逃逸反应。相反，两个帽贝都没有逃脱常见的蟹类掠食者，而是被固定在岩石上。两种帽贝物种的所有受测大小等级的反应都相似，从海星逃逸，但响应螃蟹而夹在岩石上。 mp的速度足以超过其特定的海星捕食者，但它们的速度还不足以逃脱螃蟹。用不同壳状况的帽贝进行的实验（有壳破坏和无壳破坏）表明，壳受损的扁担子显示出对掠夺性螃蟹的适应运动（远离刺激的缓慢运动）。相反，完整的F. latimarginata和所有S. viridula（完整的和损坏的）将壳向下固定在基质上。响应细节表明，匙孔帽贝F. latimarginata对捕食者的敏感性更高（反应时间更快，逃逸距离更长，并且有更高比例的反应个体），这可能是因为F. latimarginata的形态（与其之间的关系壳的大小和结构（以其总体大小））使该物种更容易被捕食。我们的研究表明，海星和蟹类天敌的化学介导作用导致两种帽贝物种的行为响应形成对比，而与它们的栖息地和形态无关。尽管帽贝物种的特征和捕食者的身份不同，但帽贝以类似的方式与类似的捕食者类型发生反应。

Similarity in predator-specific anti-predator behavior in ecologically distinct limpet species, Scurria viridula (Lottiidae) and Fissurella latimarginata (Fissurellidae)

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