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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Preparing to launch: biologging reveals the dynamics of white shark breaching behaviour
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Preparing to launch: biologging reveals the dynamics of white shark breaching behaviour

机译：准备发射：生物记录揭示了白鲨破坏行为的动态

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In comparison to other behaviours, large predators expend relatively large amounts of energy foraging for prey, based on expected high return. Documenting how they manage costs and benefits of feeding is difficult, particularly for marine predators. In July and August of 2004 and 2005, we combined animal-borne video, accelerometry and depth sensors to examine the underwater behaviour during white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) breaching at Seal Island, South Africa (34.1373 degrees S, 18.5825 degrees E)where sharks launch from the water while attacking Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus). We show that breaching begins at depths up to 20m, is characterised by a brief (7 to 16s) ascent to the surface during which pitch angle increases by30 degrees and both tail-beat frequency and swim speed (determined using biomechanical principles) increase by a maximum of 6.5-fold (0.39-2.50Hz and 1.0-6.5ms(-1), respectively). Sharks also demonstrated the ability to rapidly adjust their approach to the seal during ascent. Dominant tail-beat frequency during breaching was 2.1-4.2 times higher (0.83-1.67Hz) than during non-predatory ascents (0.4Hz), suggestive of the large increase in power required to breach. Examination of foraging behaviour through biologger deployments may play an increasingly important role in predicting the resource requirements of large predators and developing appropriate conservation measures, as their populations are generally under threat world-wide.
机译：与其他行为相比，大型捕食者基于预期的高回报而消耗相对大量的能量来捕食猎物。记录他们如何管理饲养成本和收益是困难的，特别是对于海洋捕食者。在2004年7月，8月和2005年，我们结合了动物传播的视频，加速度计和深度传感器，以检查在南非海豹岛（34.1373度，18.5825度）的白鲨（Carcharodon carcharias）入侵期间的水下行为。攻击角海狗（Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus）时从水中发射。我们显示，突破始于最深20m，其特征是表面短暂（7至16s）上升，在此期间俯仰角增加了30度，并且拍打频率和游泳速度（使用生物力学原理确定）都增加了最大6.5倍（分别为0.39-2.50Hz和1.0-6.5ms（-1））。鲨鱼还展示了在上升过程中迅速调整其接近海豹的能力。突破期间的主导尾拍频率（0.83-1.67Hz）比非掠夺性上升期间（0.4Hz）高2.1-4.2倍，这表明突破所需的功率大大增加。通过预测生物捕食者的觅食行为，在预测大型捕食者的资源需求并制定适当的保护措施方面可能会发挥越来越重要的作用，因为它们的种群普遍受到全世界的威胁。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2019年第7期|95.1-95.9|共9页
  • 作者

    Semmens Jayson M.; Kock Alison A.; Watanabe Yuuki Y.; Shepard Charles M.; Berkenpas Eric; Stehfest Kilian M.; Barnett Adam; Payne Nicholas L.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Fisheries & Aquaculture Ctr, Taroona, Tas 7053, Australia;

    South African Natl Pk, Cape Res Ctr, Cape Town, South Africa|South African Inst Aquat Biodivers, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa|Univ Cape Town, Inst Communities & Wildlife Africa, Dept Biol Sci, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa;

    Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan|SOKENDAI Grad Sch Adv Studies, Dept Polar Sci, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan;

    Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC 20036 USA;

    Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC 20036 USA;

    Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Fisheries & Aquaculture Ctr, Taroona, Tas 7053, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia;

    Univ Roehampton, Holybourne Ave, London SW15 4JD, England|Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland;

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