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Beyond tides: surge-dominated submersion regimes on rocky shores of central Chile

机译：超越潮汐：智利中部多岩石的海岸上以潮汐为主的淹没机制

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By definition, intertidal organisms are exposed to fluctuations between submersion and exposure to air due to the variation in the sea level caused, primarily, by tides and waves. Such submersion regimes have great consequences on the evolution, physiology, behavior, and ecology of intertidal marine organisms, but, paradoxically, our quantitative knowledge about submersion regimes is extremely limited, especially in wave-exposed shores. We here quantify submersion regimes during summer (February 2012) in a wave-exposed rocky shore of central Chile (Las Cruces, 33 degrees 30S, 71 degrees 38W) using a remote sensing method that permits high-frequency measurements. We provide metrics of submersion for the high (barnacle), mid (mussel) and low (upper kelp) intertidal zones and developed statistical models to hindcast submersion regimes from tide and wave data. Results revealed that the submersion consists solely of numerous but brief submersion events produced by waves. The three intertidal zones therefore experience intermittent submersion most of the time, and submersion events are so brief that, in these three zones, emersion predominates over submersion. In this region, submersion cannot be determined from tidal charts, because most of the intertidal zone lies above the highest tidal level, but still the tidal cycle strongly modulates submersion regimes, by altering wave swash into the shore. Combined statistical models including tides and waves are necessary to reproduce the most biologically relevant aspects of submersion. We discuss the consequences of these findings for our understanding of adaptation to intertidal life, and the design of studies on responses to current environmental variability and future climate change.
机译：根据定义，由于主要由潮汐和海浪引起的海平面变化，潮间带生物暴露于潜水和暴露于空气之间的波动中。这种浸没方式对潮间带海洋生物的进化，生理，行为和生态具有重大影响，但是，自相矛盾的是，我们对浸没方式的定量认识极为有限，尤其是在波浪暴露的海岸。我们在这里使用允许进行高频测量的遥感方法，在智利中部（La Cruce，33度30S，71度38W）的波荡多岩石的海岸上，夏季（2012年2月）对淹没状态进行量化。我们提供了潮间带高（藤壶），中部（贻贝）和低（上海带）的淹没指标，并开发了统计模型以根据潮汐和海浪数据进行后淹没方案。结果表明，浸没完全由海浪产生的众多但短暂的浸没事件组成。因此，三个潮间带大部分时间都经历间歇性的浸没，并且浸没事件是如此短暂，以至于在这三个区域中，浸没比浸没占主导地位。在该区域，无法从潮汐图中确定浸没，因为大部分潮间带都位于最高潮位之上，但是潮汐周期仍然通过改变向岸边的波浪冲刷来强烈地调节浸没状态。包括潮汐和海浪在内的综合统计模型对于重现潜水最生物学相关的方面是必不可少的。我们将讨论这些发现的结果，以帮助我们了解潮间带生活，并设计针对当前环境变化和未来气候变化的研究。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2019年第7期|92.1-92.17|共17页
  • 作者

    Flores Gabriela; Cienfuegos Rodrigo; Navarrete Sergio A.;

  • 作者单位

    Ctr Appl Ecol & Sustainabil CAPES, Ave Libertador Bernardo OHiggins 340, Santiago, Chile|Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, ECIM, Las Cruces, Chile|Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, LINCGlobal, Ave Libertador Bernardo OHiggins 340, Santiago, Chile;

    Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Escuela Ingn, Dept Ingn Hidraul & Ambiental, Ave Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile|MERIC, Avda Apoquindo 2827, Santiago, Chile|Ctr Invest Gest Integrada Riesgo Desastres CIGIDE, CONICYT FONDAP 1511017, Ave Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile;

    Ctr Appl Ecol & Sustainabil CAPES, Ave Libertador Bernardo OHiggins 340, Santiago, Chile|Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, ECIM, Las Cruces, Chile|Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, LINCGlobal, Ave Libertador Bernardo OHiggins 340, Santiago, Chile|MERIC, Avda Apoquindo 2827, Santiago, Chile;

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