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Dynamics of marine predators off an oceanic island and implications for management of a preventative shark fishing program

机译：海洋岛屿海洋野生动物的动态及其对预防鲨鱼捕捞计划的影响

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摘要

Oceanic islands are productive ecosystems, and so have higher densities of many marine predators. We investigated the dynamics of elasmobranch and teleost predators in coastal waters off Reunion Island, Indian Ocean, using fisheries-independent data from a preventative shark fishing program from January 2014 to December 2019. We developed a moonlight index that calculates exact moonlight through incorporating lunar azimuth, elevation angle and island topography. We quantified spatial-temporal and environmental drivers of occurrence using zero-inflated mixed models and assessed species-specific catchability in the program. A consistent segregated pattern was observed with higher occurrence of all species at dusk and after-dusk associated with lower luminosity. Scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) and giant trevally (Caranxignobilis) were found to patrol coastal waters earlier in the day than the other species. Tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier) and bull (Carcharhinus leucas) sharks showed high spatial segregation, potentially reducing competition. Teleost predators were found more frequently inside the coral reef environment of the Marine Protected Area but there was no clear pattern for sharks. Seasonality was observed for giant trevally, stingrays, bull sharks, and giant guitarfish (Rhynchobatus australiae), with higher presence during early winter periods related to turbidity, photosynthetically available radiation, and temperature. Inter-annual variation in catch rates suggested that juvenile tiger sharks might be replacing bull sharks in nearshore habitats, and the consequences for mitigation of shark bite hazard are discussed. Operational alternatives are proposed to enhance reducing the impacts of preventative shark fishing upon critically endangered species, improve their conservation and ensure local ecosystem balance.
机译：海洋群岛是生产生态系统，因此许多海洋捕食者的密度高。我们调查了在2014年1月至2019年1月的预防性鲨鱼捕捞计划中使用渔业独立数据的沿海水中的沿海水域和远程捕食者的动态。我们开发了一个月光指数，通过结合月球方位角来计算精确的月光，海拔角度和岛状地形。我们使用零充气的混合模型量化出现的空间和环境驱动因素，并在程序中评估了物种特异性可利用性。观察到一致的分离模式，随着黄昏和与较低光度相关的次数相关的所有物种的发生。扇形锤头鲨鱼（Sphyrna Lewini）和巨型Trevally（Caranxignobilis）在日前的巡逻沿海水域发现比其他物种巡逻。老虎（Galeocerdo Cuvier）和公牛（Carcharhinus Leucas）鲨鱼显示出高空间隔离，可能降低竞争。在海洋保护区的珊瑚礁环境中更频繁地发现了远程捕食者，但鲨鱼没有明确的模式。季节性被认为是巨人Trevally，Stingrays，Bull鲨鱼和巨型吉他鱼（rhynchobatus澳大利亚），初期冬季期间较高，与浊度，光合作用的辐射和温度有关。追求率的年度际变化表明，少年虎鲨可能正在换河程栖息地的牛鲨，讨论了鲨鱼咬伤危害的后果。建议在运营替代方案中加强减少预防性鲨鱼捕捞对危及濒危物种的影响，改善其保护，并确保当地生态系统平衡。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2021年第4期|42.1-42.18|共18页
  • 作者

    Niella Yuri; Wiefels Alexandre; Almeida Ulian; Jaquemet Sebastien; Lagabrielle Erwann; Harcourt Robert; Peddemors Victor; Guyomard David;

  • 作者单位

    Macquarie Univ Dept Biol Sci Sydney NSW Australia;

    Univ La Reunion UMR Espace Dev 15 Ave Rene Cassin CS 92003 F-97744 St Denis 9 France;

    Fac Independente Nordeste Ave Luis Eduardo Magalhaes BR-1305 Vitoria Da Conquista BA Brazil;

    Univ La Reunion UMR Entropie 15 Ave Rene Cassin CS 92003 F-97744 St Denis 9 France;

    Univ La Reunion UMR Espace Dev 15 Ave Rene Cassin CS 92003 F-97744 St Denis 9 France;

    Macquarie Univ Dept Biol Sci Sydney NSW Australia;

    Sydney Inst Marine Sci NSW Dept Primary Ind Sydney NSW Australia;

    Ctr Securite Requin 25F Ave Artisans F-97436 St Leu France;

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