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Intra- and inter-individual changes in little penguin diving and isotopic composition over the breeding season

机译：在繁殖季节的小企鹅潜水和同位素组合物中的内部和间歇性变化

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摘要

Seabirds allocate different amounts of energy to reproduction throughout the breeding season, depending on the trade-off between their own needs and those of their chicks and/or changes in environmental conditions. Provisioning parents therefore modulate their foraging behaviour and diet accordingly. However, for diving seabirds, many studies have extrapolated from individuals monitored over a short period and then assumed the observed patterns were representative of the birds' foraging activity over the entire breeding stage/season. To address this shortcoming, we monitored continuously the diving performance of ten male little penguins from incubation to chick fledging. Simultaneously, isotopic composition was examined using delta N-15 and delta C-13 values from whole blood samples collected every 3 weeks. Birds dived more frequently but performed shallower and shorter dives as the season progressed. The guard period was especially different, with birds spending a consistently smaller proportion of time at the bottom and performing fewer prey pursuits, compared to other periods. Isotopic composition varied less within the season, although there was a slight tendency for delta N-15 values to decrease through time. Finally, isotopic values were highly repeatable within individuals, suggesting that individuals specialized on different prey and in different areas. Diving was less repeatable within individuals but still explained a small but significant part of the variance in blood isotopic values. Our results suggest that it is important to take into account individual variability over the course of the breeding season, as well as timing of bio-logger deployment within a stage when designing bio-logging studies.
机译：海鸟在整个繁殖季节分配不同的能量，以繁殖季节繁殖，具体取决于自己的需求与他们的小鸡和/或环境条件的变化之间的权衡。因此，供应父母相应地调节他们的觅食行为和饮食。然而，对于潜水海鸟，许多研究已经从短时间内监测的个体外推，然后假设观察到的模式是鸟类在整个繁殖阶段/季节的觅食活动。为了解决这种缺点，我们不断监测十名男性小企鹅的潜水性能，从孵化到小鸡逐渐。同时，使用每3周收集的全血样品的δn-15和δc-13值检查同位素组合物。鸟类更频繁地潜入但随着赛季进展的较浅而较短的潜水。守卫期特别不同，鸟类在底部花费始终如一的时间比例始终如一的时间，与其他时期相比，较少的猎物追求。同位素组成在本季节内变得不那么多，尽管δn-15值略有倾向于通过时间降低。最后，同位素值在个体内是高度可重复的，这表明个人专门从事不同的猎物和不同领域。潜水在个体内不可重复，但仍然解释了血液同位素价值方差的小小的部分。我们的结果表明，在设计生物测井研究时，必须在繁殖季节过程中考虑各个变异性，以及在舞台上的生物记录器部署时机。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2021年第5期|62.1-62.18|共18页
  • 作者

    Amelineau Francoise; Saraux Claire; Ropert-Coudert Yan; Kato Akiko; Hobson Keith A.; Raymond Ben; Zimmer Ilka; Chiaradia Andre;

  • 作者单位

    Ecole Normale Super Lyon 46 Allee Italie F-69007 Lyon France;

    Univ Strasbourg Dept Ecol Physiol & Ethol IPHC CNRS UMR 7178 Strasbourg France;

    La Rochelle Univ Ctr Etud Biol Chize CNRS UMR 7372 F-79360 Villiers En Bois France;

    La Rochelle Univ Ctr Etud Biol Chize CNRS UMR 7372 F-79360 Villiers En Bois France;

    Western Univ Dept Biol London ON N6A 5B7 Canada;

    Australian Antarctic Div Dept Agr Water & Environm Kingston Tas 7050 Australia|Univ Tasmania Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies Hobart Tas 7001 Australia;

    Asters Conservatoire Espaces Nat Haute Savoie 38 Rue Annex F-74700 Sallanches France;

    Phillip Isl Nat Pk Conservat Dept POB 97 Cowes Vic 3922 Australia;

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