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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Reproductive isolation between two cryptic sponge species in New Zealand: high levels of connectivity and clonality shape Tethya species boundaries
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Reproductive isolation between two cryptic sponge species in New Zealand: high levels of connectivity and clonality shape Tethya species boundaries

机译：新西兰两种隐蔽海绵物种之间的生殖隔离：高水平的连通性和克隆品形状的Tethya种界限

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摘要

Although commonly reported among widespread marine taxa, hybridization has only been recorded for one species of marine sponge to date. Sponges have evolved an array of sexual and asexual reproductive strategies, but it remains unclear if the lack of reported hybrids in this phylum is due to their reproductive diversity (which promotes reproductive isolation) or instead due to a lack of data. In this study, we aimed to determine whether hybridization occurs between two cryptic species of Tethya burtoni (T. burtoni sp. A and T. burtoni sp. B) that live sympatrically in central New Zealand. We also examined how both small-scale population structure (for five locations) and asexual reproduction contributed to instances (or lack thereof) of hybridization for these sponges. Using 11 microsatellite markers, we found no evidence of hybridization between species. Both species exhibited differences in distribution, where one species was present at all five locations, but the other was only detected at three locations. For these three locations (all within 20 km of each other), both species exhibited high levels of gene flow. Asexual buds did not appear to disperse far, and groups of clonal individuals were found within areas of < 900 cm2. Asexual reproduction, therefore, did not play an obvious role in connectivity between populations, but instead appeared to be important for population maintenance. While specific mechanisms for reproductive isolation, such as gamete recognition, between both T. burtoni species remain unknown, we suggest that such mechanisms likely exist due to the strong differentiation found between both species (FST = 0.191, P < 0.0001). Further, the observed high levels of both gene flow and asexual reproduction may also act to reduce the potential for hybridization by maintaining genetic diversity and increasing the chance of mating with a conspecific individual.
机译：虽然普遍报道了广泛的海洋分类群，但迄今为止仅记录了一个物种的海绵杂交。海绵已经演变出了一种性和无性繁殖策略，但如果缺乏这种场合缺乏报告的杂种是由于它们的生殖多样性（促进生殖隔离）或者由于缺乏数据而仍然不明确。在这项研究中，我们旨在确定杂交是否发生在新西兰中部举行的两种紧顿的Tethya Burtoni（T.Burtoni SP.A和T.Burtoni SP）之间的杂交。我们还检查了小规模人口结构（五个地点）和无性繁殖如何导致这些海绵杂交的情况（或缺乏）。使用11微卫星标记，我们发现没有物种之间杂交的证据。这两种物种都表现出分布的差异，其中一个物种在所有五个位置存在，但另一个物种仅在三个地点检测到。对于这三个地点（彼此20千米之内），两种物种都表现出高水平的基因流动。无性芽似乎没有分散，并且在<900cm 2的区域内发现克隆个体组。因此，无性繁殖，在人口之间的连接中没有发挥显而易见的作用，而是对人口维护似乎很重要。虽然在T.Burtoni物种之间的生殖隔离等生殖隔离机制仍然未知，但我们建议这种机制可能存在由于两种物种之间存在的强烈分化（FST = 0.191，P <0.0001）。此外，观察到的高水平的基因流和无性繁殖也可以通过维持遗传多样性并增加与面包特异性相配的机会来减少杂交的可能性。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2021年第5期|77.1-77.19|共19页
  • 作者

    Megan R. Shaffer; Simon K. Davy; James J. Bell;

  • 作者单位

    School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand;

    School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand;

    School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand;

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