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Flux of nutrients in the Gulf of California: Geostrophic approach

机译：加州湾的营养通量：地转方法

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Continental margins exert a strong influence on global biogeochemical cycles; however there have been relatively few attempts to quantify either the magnitude or nature of temporal variability in material fluxes. At present here are no reports on nutrient fluxes at the mouth of the Gulf of California (GC) so further information is needed to provide estimated values from direct measurements. From 1995-1999 during five cruises covering all seasons, seawater samples were collected and measured the nutrient content from the surface to the bottom (some deeper than 2500 m) from a repeated hydrographic sections at the mouth of the GC. This chemical and physical database is unique because it covers an area with important biogeochemical signs, which has been detected as one of the highest in primary productivity of the world oceans. These sections are perpendicular to the coastlines of the Mexican states of Baja California Sur (BCS) and Sinaloa. In this section, the most dynamic area was the surface waters in February 1999 with strong geostrophic currents and temperatures of 20±1.5℃; salinity 35.091 ±0.156; pH 8.16±0.13; phosphate 0.8510.42 μM, nitrate + nitrite 2.35 ± 2.94 μM, and ammonia 2.00 ± 1.25 μM (average ± standard deviation). Geostrophic velocities were computed from high-resolution CTD sections across the entrance to the GC. During winter and spring, the outflow occurred near BCS and the inflow occurred either through the center of the section and/or along the Sinaloa coast. Both inflow and outflow cores were 45 km wide and extended deeper than 700 m. Summer and fall showed a complex pattern, alternating cores of inflow and outflow but with inflow along Sinaloa on all cruises. The maximum flow into the Gulf occurs during May in the center of the section while outflow was concentrated along BCS. Mascarenhas et al. [Mascarenhas, A., Castro, R., Collins, C.A., Durazo, R., 2004. Seasonal variation of geostrophic velocity and heat flux at the entrance to the Gulf of California, Mexico. J. Journal Geophysical Research, 2124.] calculated the section mean geostrophic velocity that was composed of two alternating cores of inflow and outflow. The two cores that were adjacent to either coast were broader and contained the highest inflow (0.40 m s~(-1)) and outflow (-0.25 m s~(-1)) velocities, supporting the general idea of inflow along the Sinaloa and an outflow along BCS. The highest nutrient fluxes occur during El Nino conditions in November 1997 with outflows as high as 54.5 Tg yr~(-1) for Phosphate, 43.0 Tg yr~(-1) for Nitrate and 31.7 Tg yr~(-1) for Ammonia, this values were at least three times higher than in February 1999.
机译：大陆边缘对全球生物地球化学循环有很大影响；然而，相对较少的尝试来量化材料通量的时间变异性的大小或性质。目前，尚无关于加利福尼亚湾（GC）口的营养通量的报告，因此需要进一步的信息来提供直接测量的估计值。从1995年至1999年，在五次巡回航行中，覆盖了所有季节，收集了海水样本，并从GC口的重复水文剖面测量了从表层到底部（某些深度超过2500 m）的营养成分。该化学和物理数据库之所以独特，是因为它涵盖了具有重要生物地球化学标志的区域，而该区域已被检测为世界海洋初级生产力最高的区域之一。这些部分垂直于墨西哥下加利福尼亚州苏尔（BCS）和锡那罗亚州的海岸线。在该部分中，最活跃的区域是1999年2月的地表水，地转流强，温度为20±1.5℃。盐度35.091±0.156; pH值8.16±0.13；磷酸盐0.8510.42μM，硝酸盐+亚硝酸盐2.35±2.94μM，氨水2.00±1.25μM（平均值±标准偏差）。从GC入口的高分辨率CTD剖面计算地转速度。在冬季和春季，流出发生在BCS附近，流入发生在该断面的中心和/或沿锡那罗亚海岸。流入和流出岩心均为45 km宽，延伸深度超过700 m。夏季和秋季显示出复杂的模式，流入和流出的核心交替出现，但在所有航行中沿锡那罗亚州都有流入。进入海湾的最大流量发生在5月的剖面中心，而流出则沿BCS集中。 Mascarenhas等。 [Mascarenhas，A.，Castro，R.，Collins，C.A.，Durazo，R.，2004。墨西哥加利福尼亚湾入口处的地转速度和热通量的季节性变化。 J. Journal Geophysical Research，2124。]计算了剖面平均地转速度，该速度由流入和流出的两个交替核心组成。与任一海岸相邻的两个岩心都较宽，并具有最高的流入速度（0.40 ms〜（-1））和流出速度（-0.25 ms〜（-1）），这支持了沿锡那罗亚河（Sinaloa）和河床的总体思路。沿BCS流出。在1997年11月的厄尔尼诺条件下，养分通量最高，磷酸盐的流出量高达54.5 Tg yr〜（-1），硝酸盐的流出量高达43.0 Tg yr〜（-1），氨的流出量高达31.7 Tg yr〜（-1），该值至少比1999年2月高三倍。

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