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Excess nitrate and nitrogen fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean

机译:北大西洋的硝酸盐和氮固定过多

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The process of nitrogen fixation in the subtropical North Atlantic has received considerable study over the last few decades. The findings have highlighted a large discrepancy in estimates for the locations and rates of nitrogen fixation when results from biological techniques are compared to geochemical techniques. Here, we evaluated the distribution and rates of excess nitrate development in the North Atlantic using World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) nutrient data. These data indicate that excess nitrate development is largely confined to depths of ~ 150-400 m in the region of 15-25°N by 25-75°W, an area considerably smaller than that employed by Gruber and Sarmiento [Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 11 (1997) 235] (10-50°N by 10-90°W) to estimate rates of nitrogen fixation in the North Atlantic. The areally integrated nitrogen fixation rate for the subtropical North Atlantic was 0.045 mol N m~(-2) year~(-1), or 62% of the geochemical estimate by Gruber and Sarmiento [Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 11 (1997) 235]. The regional rate of fixation was 3.1 x 10~(11) mol N year~(-1)(1.5-4.6 x 10~(11) mol N year~(-1) given a 50% uncertainty), similar to rates expected from biological measures of fixation, but only 15% of the areal rate estimated by Gruber and Sarmiento [Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 11 (1997) 235]. An accurate assessment of the region over which excess nitrate accumulates is critical to the estimate of nitrogen fixation, but remains prone to large uncertainty because of the gaps in spatial coverage. Additional survey work in the North Atlantic must be done to lessen the uncertainty. With this work, we reduce the differences between the biological and geochemical rate estimates, and describe a conceptual model for the location and dynamics of nitrate excess development in the North Atlantic.
机译:在过去的几十年中,亚热带北大西洋的固氮过程受到了大量研究。当将生物技术的结果与地球化学技术的结果进行比较时,研究结果突显出氮固定位置和速率的估计存在很大差异。在这里,我们使用世界海洋环流实验(WOCE)营养数据评估了北大西洋硝酸盐过量开发的分布和速率。这些数据表明,在15-25°N到25-75°W的范围内,硝酸盐的过量发育主要局限在约150-400 m的深度,该面积大大小于Gruber和Sarmiento使用的面积。生物地球化学。循环11(1997)235](10-50°N,10-90°W),以估计北大西洋的固氮率。亚热带北大西洋的面积综合固氮率是0.045 mol N m〜(-2)年〜(-1),占Gruber和Sarmiento [Glob。Chem。,2002的地球化学估计的62%。生物地球化学。周期11(1997)235]。区域固定率为3.1 x 10〜(11)mol N年〜(-1)(1.5-4.6 x 10〜(11)mol N年〜(-1)(不确定性为50%)),与预期的比率相似从固定的生物学方法,但只有格鲁伯(Gruber)和萨米恩托(Sarmiento)[Glob。生物地球化学。周期11(1997)235]。准确评估多余硝酸盐累积的区域对于估算固氮至关重要,但由于空间覆盖范围的差距,仍然容易出现较大的不确定性。为了减少不确定性,必须在北大西洋进行额外的勘测工作。通过这项工作,我们减少了生物学和地球化学速率估算值之间的差异,并描述了北大西洋硝酸盐过量开发的位置和动态的概念模型。

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