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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Overwintering of gelatinous zooplankton in the coastal Arctic Ocean
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Overwintering of gelatinous zooplankton in the coastal Arctic Ocean

机译：北冰洋沿海的胶状浮游动物越冬

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Jellyfish and ctenophore blooms are of increasing concern for human enterprise in marine waters, although bloom development remains poorly understood. A key factor in population dynamics of blooms is individual lifespan, which for most gelatinous zooplankton is assumed to be only a few months, often from spring to autumn. Accumulating evidence, however, indicates that some species may overwinter. In this study, we used video photography to quantify medusae and ctenophores beneath land-fast sea ice in the Chukchi Sea near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska, USA, from May to June, 2011-2014. Our data show large Chrysaora melanaster medusae over-wintering near the bottom, which could contribute to multiyear population increases suggested for this species. C. melanaster medusae were observed dragging their tentacles along the bottom, possibly feeding on epibenthic macrofauna. This highlights an underappreciated mechanism for benthic-pelagic coupling by gelatinous zooplankton. Additionally, numerous individuals of 3 ctenophore and 1 hydrozoan species were seen primarily at the sea-ice interface rather than near the bottom. We hypothesize that overwintering of medusae and ctenophores under sea ice is favored by the continued availability of prey, related to high productivity in the coastal Arctic, including production by ice algae. Successful overwintering may also relate to physical sheltering and low water temperatures. Overwintering may be a common life-history trait for gelatinous zooplankton, with important implications for understanding annual and interannual population trends in many environments and has important implications for models including jellyfish and ctenophore populations and ecosystem dynamics.
机译：尽管对水华的发展仍知之甚少，但水母和水母水华的水华却越来越受到人类关注。绽放的种群动态的关键因素是个体的寿命，对于大多数胶状浮游动物而言，假设寿命只有几个月，通常从春季到秋季。但是，越来越多的证据表明某些物种可能越冬。在这项研究中，我们使用摄影技术对美国阿拉斯加乌特恰格维克（巴罗）附近楚科奇海（Chuckchi Sea）在2011年5月至6月之间的陆上快速海冰下的美杜鹃和畸胎动物进行了定量分析（2011年5月至6月6日）。我们的数据显示，大型Chrysaora melanaster medusae在底部附近越冬，这可能导致该物种的多年种群增加。观察到了美杜鹃（C. melanaster medusae）触角沿底部拖动，可能以表皮大型动物为食。这突显了胶状浮游动物对底栖-上层耦合的一种未被充分认识的机制。此外，主要在海冰界面处而不是在底部附近看到了3个c科动物和1个水生动物物种的众多个体。我们假设海冰下的美杜莎和足类动物越冬受猎物持续供应的支持，这与北极沿海沿海地区的高生产力有关，包括冰藻的生产。成功的越冬也可能与物理庇护和低水温有关。越冬可能是胶状浮游动物的一种常见的生活史特征，对理解许多环境中的年度和年度种群趋势具有重要意义，并且对包括水母和and鳍种群以及生态系统动力学的模型具有重要意义。

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