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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Hitchhiking in the East Australian Current: rafting as a dispersal mechanism for harmful epibenthic dinoflagellates
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Hitchhiking in the East Australian Current: rafting as a dispersal mechanism for harmful epibenthic dinoflagellates

机译：东澳大利亚潮流中的搭便车：漂流作为有害表皮鞭毛鞭毛虫的传播机制

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Due to their small size, planktonic marine microorganisms have large dispersal capacity in the global ocean. However, it is not known how epibenthic microalgae dispeise across long distances because they are generally associated with a substrate. In this study, we examined a long-term data series (similar to 50 yr) of microalgal composition from a coastal station in southeast Australia foi the presence of epibenthic dinoflagellates in the plankton. In addition, we collected drifting macrophytes (i.e. macroalgae and seagrass) and plastic debris from the East Australian Current, identified the associated microalgal assemblage, assessed their viability, and used phylogenetic analyses to taxonomically identify cryptic harmful epibenthic dinoflagellate species. We found no occurrences of epibenthic dinoflagellates from the genera Gambierdiscus, Fukuyoa, Ostreopsis, and Coolia at the long-term coastal station, concluding that entrainment of cells in ocean currents is an unlikely mechanism for transport of these taxa. The epibenthic microalgal communities associated with macrophyte rafts and plastic debris were primarily comprised of diatom taxa. However, intact cells of potentially harmful epibenthic dinoflagellates from the genera Coolia, Amphidinium, and Prorocentrum were also observed, and their viability was confirmed by division of isolated cells and establishment into clonal cultures. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of C. pahnyrensis on a drifting Sargassum sp. raft, the first report of this potentially harmful epibenthic species in temperate Australian waters. This study shows that epibenthic dinoflagellates can attach to, and remain viable, when associated with macrophyte fragments that drift in the open ocean, therefore revealing rafting as a potential vector for dispersal of these organisms.
机译：由于其体积小，浮游海洋微生物在全球海洋中具有很大的扩散能力。但是，尚不知道表皮微藻如何长距离分布，因为它们通常与基质结合。在这项研究中，我们检查了浮游生物中存在表皮鞭毛鞭毛虫的澳大利亚东南沿海沿岸微藻组成的长期数据系列（约50年）。此外，我们从东澳大利亚洋流中收集了漂流的大型植物（即大型藻类和海草）和塑料碎片，鉴定了相关的微藻组合，评估了它们的生存力，并使用系统发育分析从分类学上鉴定了隐含的有害的表皮二鞭毛藻类。我们没有发现在长期的沿海站出现来自冈比亚鞭毛虫属，福冈亚属，骨增生病和库利亚属的表鞭毛鞭毛藻，因此认为洋流中的细胞夹带是这些类群运输的不太可能的机制。与大型植物筏和塑料碎片相关的上皮微藻群落主要由硅藻类群组成。但是，还观察到了来自Coolia，Amphidinium和Prorocentrum属的可能有害的表皮鞭毛鞭毛藻的完整细胞，并且通过分离细胞的分裂并建立了克隆培养物证实了它们的生存能力。系统发育分析证实了C. pahnyrensis在漂移的Sargassum sp上的存在。筏，这是在温带的澳大利亚水域中这种潜在有害的表皮物种的首次报道。这项研究表明，表皮鞭毛鞭毛藻与附着在大洋中的大型植物碎片结合时可以附着并保持活力，因此揭示了漂流是传播这些生物的潜在载体。

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