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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Fine-scale depth structure of pelagic communities throughout the global ocean based on acoustic sound scattering layers
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Fine-scale depth structure of pelagic communities throughout the global ocean based on acoustic sound scattering layers

机译：基于声散射层的全球海洋中上层鱼类群落的精细尺度深度结构

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摘要

Most multicellular biomass in the mesopelagic zone (200-1000 m) comprises zooplankton and fish aggregated in layers known as sound scattering layers (SSLs), which scatter sound and are detectable using echosounders. Some of these animals migrate vertically to and from the near surface on a daily cycle (diel vertical migration, DVM), transporting carbon between the surface and the deep ocean (biological carbon pump, BCP). To gain insight into potential global variability in the contribution of SSLs to the BCP, and to pelagic ecology generally (SSLs are likely prey fields for numerous predators), we investigated regional-scale (90 000 km(2)) community depth structure based on the fine-scale (10s of m) vertical distribution of SSLs. We extracted SSLs from a near-global dataset of 38 kHz echosounder observations and constructed local (300 km x 300 km) SSL depth and echo intensity (a proxy for biomass) probability distributions. The probability distributions fell into 6 spatially coherent regional-scale SSL probability distribution (RSPD) groups. All but 1 RSPD exhibited clear DVM, and all RSPDs included stable night-time resident deep scattering layers (DSLs: SSLs deeper than 200 m). Analysis of DSL number and stability (probability of observation at depth) revealed 2 distinct DSL types: (1) single-shallow DSL (a single DSL at ca. 500 m) and (2) double-deep DSL (2 DSLs at ca. 600 and 850 m). By including consideration of this fine-scale depth structure in biogeographic partitions and ecosystem models, we will better understand the role of mesopelagic communities in pelagic food webs and the consequences of climate change for these communities.
机译：中生度带（200-1000 m）中的大多数多细胞生物质包括浮游动物和鱼类，聚集在被称为声散射层（SSL）的层中，它们散射声音并可以使用回声测深仪检测到。这些动物中的某些动物在日常循环中垂直地往返于近地表（垂直迁移，DVM），在地表和深海之间运输碳（生物碳泵，BCP）。为了深入了解SSLs对BCP和整个中上层生态的潜在潜在全球变化（SSLs可能是许多捕食者的猎物场），我们基于以下因素研究了区域规模（90 000 km（2））的群落深度结构SSL的精细规模（10毫秒）垂直分布。我们从38 kHz回波测深的近乎全局数据集中提取了SSL，并构建了局部（300 km x 300 km）SSL深度和回波强度（生物量的代理）概率分布。概率分布分为6个空间相关的区域性SSL概率分布（RSPD）组。除1个RSPD之外，所有RSPD均显示清晰的DVM，所有RSPD均包含稳定的夜间驻留深散射层（DSL：深度超过200 m的SSL）。 DSL数量和稳定性（深度观察的可能性）的分析显示了2种不同的DSL类型：（1）单浅DSL（大约500 m处的单个DSL）和（2）双深DSL（大约2m处的DSL）。 600和850 m）。通过在生物地理分区和生态系统模型中考虑这种精细尺度的深度结构，我们将更好地了解中上生代群落在远洋食物网中的作用以及气候变化对这些群落的影响。

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