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Untapping the potential of sulfur isotope analysis in biominerals

机译：挖掘生物矿物中硫同位素分析的潜力

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Sulfur isotope ratios are used to untangle food web dynamics, track animal movements and determine dietary provenance. Yet, their application in the biomineralised tissues of animals is relatively unexplored. These tissues are particularly useful for isotopic analyses as they can retain a permanent and temporally resolved chemical record over the lifetime of the organism. We experimentally determined whether biogenic carbonate records environmental variation in sulfur isotope ratios (S-34/S-32) in an aquatic system and whether such variation is influenced by the ambient water or diet. Juvenile barramundi Lates calcarifer were raised in 2 water treatments with differing sulfur isotope ratios, as well as 3 diet treatments with differing ratios. We subsequently analysed the calcium carbonate fish ear bones (otoliths) using secondary ion mass spectrometry, a technique that allowed the experimental growth of the otolith to be targeted. Our findings suggest that biogenic carbonate records variation in sulfur isotope ratios and that diet is not the sole source of sulfur isotope variation in aquatic consumers. Drawing from a multi-disciplinary body of literature, we also reviewed the potential ecological and environmental applications of sulfur isotope analysis in biominerals. We emphasise the extensive application of sulfur isotope ratios and that progressing this field of research to include biominerals is a worthwhile pursuit.
机译：硫同位素比率用于解开食物网动态，跟踪动物运动并确定饮食来源。然而，它们在动物生物矿化组织中的应用还没有被探索。这些组织对于同位素分析特别有用，因为它们可以在生物体的整个生命周期中保留永久的和时间分辨的化学记录。我们通过实验确定了生物碳酸盐是否在水生系统中记录了硫同位素比（S-34 / S-32）的环境变化，以及这种变化是否受环境水或饮食的影响。在两种具有不同硫同位素比的水处理方法以及三种具有不同比例的饮食处理法中饲养了幼水肺鱼。随后，我们使用二次离子质谱分析了碳酸钙鱼耳骨（耳石），该技术使耳石的实验性生长成为目标。我们的发现表明，生物碳酸盐记录了硫同位素比率的变化，而饮食并不是水生消费者中硫同位素变化的唯一来源。从多学科的文献中，我们还回顾了生物矿物中硫同位素分析的潜在生态和环境应用。我们强调硫同位素比率的广泛应用，并且使该研究领域发展到包括生物矿物是一个值得追求的目标。

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