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Digital imaging techniques in otolith data capture, analysis and interpretation

机译：耳石数据采集，分析和解释中的数字成像技术

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Otoliths or ear-stones are hard, calcium carbonate structures located within the inner ear of bony fishes. Counts of rings and measurements of seasonal growth increments from otoliths are important metrics for assessment and management of fish stocks, and the preparation and microscopic analysis of otoliths forms an essential part of the routine work undertaken by fisheries scientists worldwide. Otolith analysis is a skilled task requiring accuracy and precision, but it is laborious, time-consuming to perform, and represents a significant cost to fisheries management. In the last 2 decades, several attempts to apply 'computer vision' (systems that perform high-level tasks and exhibit intelligent behaviour) in otolith analysis have been reported. Although considerable progress has been made and several prototype systems developed, laboratories have been reluctant to adopt image-based computer-assisted age and growth estimation (CAAGE) systems. This paper surveys applications of CAAGE, focusing on their utility for automated ageing using images of otolith macrostructure. A cost-benefit analysis of CAAGE of cod, plaice and anchovy shows that computer vision performs relatively poorly compared with morphometric techniques. However, there is evidence that information from visual features can boost the performance of morphometric CAAGE, and further work is needed to develop effective frameworks for this integrated approach. The cost benefit of these systems might be attractive to smaller laboratories that are already using age-length keys derived from otolith morphometrics for management of smaller artisanal fisheries.
机译：耳石或耳石是坚硬的碳酸钙结构，位于骨鱼的内耳中。耳石的环数和季节性增长增量的测量是评估和管理鱼类种群的重要指标，耳石的制备和微观分析是全球渔业科学家日常工作的重要组成部分。耳石分析是一项需要精确度和精确度的熟练技术任务，但执行起来既费力又费时，并且给渔业管理带来了可观的成本。在过去的20年中，已经报道了几次尝试在耳石分析中应用“计算机视觉”（执行高级任务并表现出智能行为的系统）的尝试。尽管已经取得了相当大的进步并且开发了一些原型系统，但是实验室仍然不愿意采用基于图像的计算机辅助年龄和生长估计（CAAGE）系统。本文概述了CAAGE的应用，重点是利用耳石宏观结构图像对CAAGE进行自动老化的实用性。鳕鱼，和an鱼CAAGE的成本效益分析表明，与形态计量技术相比，计算机视觉的性能相对较差。但是，有证据表明，来自视觉特征的信息可以提高形态计量CAAGE的性能，并且需要进一步的工作来开发这种集成方法的有效框架。这些系统的成本优势可能已经吸引了较小的实验室，这些实验室已经使用从耳石形态学获得的年龄长度密钥来管理较小的手工渔业。

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