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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Individual variation in aerobic scope affects modeled vertical foraging migration in Atlantic cod Gadhus morhua, but only in moderate hypoxia
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Individual variation in aerobic scope affects modeled vertical foraging migration in Atlantic cod Gadhus morhua, but only in moderate hypoxia

机译：有氧运动范围内的个体变化影响大西洋鳕鱼Gadhus morhua的模型垂直觅食迁移，但仅在中度低氧条件下

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Vertical migration is the most widespread migration in the aquatic world, yet the mechanisms limiting the extent of this behavior are largely unknown. In the Baltic Sea, some Atlantic cod Gadus morhua perform vertical foraging migrations into severely hypoxic demersal zones where aerobic metabolism is insufficient to cover energy requirements. After foraging, the fish return to better oxygenated waters for physiological recovery and digestion. To test the influence of phenotypic variation in aerobic scope (AS; the difference between the maximum and the minimum metabolic rate) on the capacity to migrate into severely hypoxic zones, we incorporated AS into a state-dependent individual-based model simulating vertical foraging migrations of G. morhua. We found little effect of individual variation in AS on the capacity for vertical migration when the zone used for physiological recovery was normoxic. In contrast, when there was moderate hypoxia (30% air saturation, O-2sat) in the zone used for physiological recovery, the high AS phenotype had a clear advantage because it could forage 3-4 times longer in the severely hypoxic (16% O-2sat, i.e. below the threshold for aerobic metabolism of the species) demersal zone compared to the low AS phenotype. Thus, phenotypic variation in AS is only important when there is moderate hypoxia in the zone used for physiological recovery, suggesting that the influence of AS variation on the capacity for vertical migration is context dependent. We propose that elevated AS may be evolutionarily favorable when hypoxia prevails in the water column.
机译：垂直迁徙是水生世界中最普遍的迁徙，但很大程度上限制了这种行为的机制。在波罗的海，一些大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）进行垂直觅食迁移，进入严重缺氧的水下区域，其中有氧代谢不足以满足能量需求。觅食后，鱼返回到含氧量较高的水中进行生理恢复和消化。为了测试有氧范围的表型变异（AS；最大和最小代谢率之间的差异）对迁移至严重缺氧区的能力的影响，我们将AS纳入了基于状态的基于个体的模型中，该模型模拟垂直觅食迁移G. morhua。当用于生理恢复的区域为常氧区域时，我们发现AS个体差异对垂直迁移能力的影响很小。相反，当用于生理恢复的区域出现中度缺氧（空气饱和度为30％，O-2sat）时，高AS表型具有明显的优势，因为在严重缺氧的情况下它的觅食时间可延长3-4倍（16％与低AS表型相比，O-2sat（即低于物种的有氧代谢阈值）的海底区。因此，仅当用于生理恢复的区域中度存在缺氧时，AS的表型变异才很重要，这表明AS变异对垂直迁移能力的影响取决于环境。我们建议，当缺氧普遍存在于水柱中时，AS升高可能对进化有利。

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