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Ecosystem metabolism of benthic and pelagic zones of a shallow productive estuary: spatio-temporal variability

机译：浅水河口底栖和浮游区的生态系统新陈代谢：时空变化

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Long-term deterioration of water quality is known to reduce the importance of benthic ecosystem metabolism in shallow coastal ecosystems, but drivers of spatial and short-term variability in ecosystem metabolism are poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap through detailed seasonal measurements of ecosystem metabolism across depth gradients from shallow (2 to 3 m) eelgrass-dominated to deeper (4 to 5 m) muddy regions of a shallow, productive estuary. Combined measurements of gross primary production (GPP), respiration (R) and, by difference, net ecosystem production (NEP) by the open-water diel oxygen technique and in situ chamber incubations showed high importance of shallow eelgrass habitats for metabolism at the system scale. Seasonal variations in GPP, R and NEP increased with light availability and temp erature with highest NEP in all habitats during the warm and sunny mid-summer. The shallow eelgrass-dominated and neighboring habitats were seasonally net autotrophic (NEP = 0.54 and 0.31 mg O-2 m(-2) d(-1), respectively), compared to net heterotrophy (NEP = -0.26 mg O-2 m(-2) d(-1)) at the deeper muddy site. Detailed studies along depth gradients further confirmed the role of eelgrass as a key driver of spatial differences in ecosystem metabolism across the estuary. Strong northerly winds ( 8 m s(-1)) caused short-term ( 24 h) periods of similar oxygen dynamics and similar apparent productivity in shallow and deeper waters, indicative of efficient lateral mixing, while calm periods ( 4 m s(-1)) enabled formation of 'pockets', i.e. water masses with limited connectivity, which exacerbated the metabolic differences between shallow and deep sites.
机译：众所周知，水质的长期恶化会降低底栖生态系统在沿海浅层生态系统中的代谢的重要性，但人们对生态系统代谢的空间和短期变化的驱动因素知之甚少。我们通过详细的生态系统代谢季节测量方法解决了这一知识鸿沟，该方法从浅的（2至3 m）鳗草为主的浅梯度，生产河口的较深的（4至5 m）泥泞区域的深度梯度进行。通过开水迪尔氧气技术和原位腔室孵化相结合的总初级生产量（GPP），呼吸（R）和净生态系统生产量（NEP）的综合测量表明，浅层鳗鱼栖息地对于系统的代谢非常重要规模。 GPP，R和NEP的季节性变化随着光的可用性和温度的升高而增加，在温暖和阳光充沛的仲夏期间，所有栖息地的NEP最高。与纯净异养（NEP = -0.26 mg O-2 m）相比，浅鳗草为主和附近的栖息地是季节性净自养的（NEP = 0.54和0.31 mg O-2 m（-2）d（-1））。 （-2）d（-1））在较深的泥泞部位。沿深度梯度的详细研究进一步证实了鳗草作为河口生态系统新陈代谢空间差异的关键驱动因素。强北风（> 8 ms（-1））在短期和短期内（<24 h）产生了相似的氧气动力学和相似的表观生产力，表明浅水区和深水区有效的横向混合，而平静期（<4 ms（ -1））能够形成“口袋”，即连通性有限的水团，加剧了浅水区和深水区之间的代谢差异。

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