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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Historical change in a Caribbean reef sponge community and long-term loss of sponge predators
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Historical change in a Caribbean reef sponge community and long-term loss of sponge predators

机译：加勒比礁海绵社区的历史变化和海绵掠食者的长期丧失

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Sponges are an ecologically important component of modern Caribbean coral reefs. However, little is known about the structure of sponge communities prior to the large-scale degradation of Caribbean reef ecosystems. Here we explore changes in the sponge community over the past millennium by analyzing the composition of sponge spicules from a sediment core collected from a lagoonal reef within the archipelago of Bocas del Toro, Caribbean Panama. The analysis reveals a change in spicule composition that began approximately 400 yr ago. During this time, the share of monaxial spicules, belonging mostly to haplosclerid and axinellid sponges, decreased while the relative number of spherical spicules, found typically in Placospongia, Geodia, and some chondrillids, increased. These results were compared with previously published data on parrotfish, corals, and reef accretion rates obtained from the same core. The increased share of spherical spicules did not correlate with contemporaneous declines in the abundance of parrotfish (de termined from fish teeth) or with trends in the relative abundance of dominant coral species (determined from coral skeletal remains) but was weakly correlated with reef accretion rates (de termined from sediment accumulation rates). Spicule morphogroup diversity and evenness increased over the past similar to 400 yr, suggesting community changes were not due to reef environments becoming less habitable for reef sponges. Although not tested directly, the increase in spherical spicules may be due to declines in the abundance of sea turtles that preferentially feed on sponges that contain these spicule types.
机译：海绵是现代加勒比海珊瑚礁的重要生态组成部分。但是，在加勒比珊瑚礁生态系统大规模退化之前，对海绵群落的结构知之甚少。在这里，我们通过分析加勒比海巴拿马Bocas del Toro群岛泻湖礁中收集的沉积物核中海绵针的组成，来探索海绵群落在过去千年中的变化。分析揭示了大约400年前开始的针状体成分变化。在此期间，单轴针状细胞的比例减少，主要属于单核海绵状和轴突性海绵状，而球形针状细胞的相对数量则增加，通常出现在Placospongia，Geodia和一些软骨中。将这些结果与先前发表的关于从同一核心获得的鹦嘴鱼，珊瑚和礁石繁殖率的数据进行了比较。球形针状体份额的增加与鹦鹉鱼的同期减少（由鱼齿确定）或主要珊瑚种类的相对丰富度的趋势（由珊瑚骨骼遗骸确定）无关，但与礁石的增生率相关性很小。 （由沉积物累积速率确定）。过去约400年来，奇特的形态群多样性和均匀性增加，这表明群落的变化并不是由于珊瑚礁环境变得不太适合珊瑚礁海绵所致。尽管未直接进行测试，但球形针头的增加可能是由于大量以含有这些针头类型的海绵为食的海龟数量减少所致。

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