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Traits structure copepod niches in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean

机译：北大西洋和南洋的特征structure足类生态位

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摘要

Realised niches describe the environmental and biotic conditions that a species occupies. Among marine zooplankton, species traits, including body size, dietary mode (herbivore, omnivore, or carnivore), and diapause strategy are expected to influence the realised niche of a species. To date, realised niches are known for only a small number of copepod species. Here we quantify the realised niches of 88 copepod species measured by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modelling. We estimate the univariate mean niche, niche breadth of copepods for several important environmental variables, and assess the relative effects of several key zooplankton traits on the mean niche. Sea surface temperature (SST) contributed the most information to the description of niches on average across all species, with the rank importance of the remaining variables varying between regions. In the North Atlantic SST, depth, salinity and chlorophyll niches separated omnivores and herbivores from carnivores while in the Southern Ocean niche differences across dietary modes were found for chlorophyll and wind stress only. Diapausing copepods were found to occur in colder temperatures compared with non-diapausing taxa, likely because of their capacity for accumulating lipids. A strong negative body size-niche breadth relationship was found only for diapausing copepods, suggesting that larger multi-year generation species are more reliant on a specific temperature range to successfully reach diapause. Our analysis demonstrates strong connections between copepod traits and their realised niches in natural populations.
机译：已实现的生态位描述了一个物种所占据的环境和生物条件。在海洋浮游动物中，物种特征，包括体型，饮食方式（草食，杂食动物或食肉动物）和滞育策略有望影响该物种的已实现生态位。迄今为止，只有少数of足类物种才知道已实现的生态位。在这里，我们使用最大熵（MaxEnt）模型对北大西洋和南大洋的连续浮游生物记录仪（CPR）测量的88种co足类物种的已实现生态位进行了量化。我们估算了几个重要环境变量的co足类的单变量平均生态位，生态位宽度，并评估了几种关键浮游动物性状对平均生态位的相对影响。平均而言，海表温度（SST）对所有物种的生态位描述贡献最多的信息，其余变量的排名重要性随区域而变化。在北大西洋海域，深度，盐度和叶绿素生态位将杂食动物和草食动物与食肉动物分开，而在南大洋，生态位的差异仅针对叶绿素和风胁迫。与不渗水的类群相比，发现滞育的pe足类在较低的温度下发生，这可能是由于它们积聚脂质的能力所致。仅在滞育的pe足类动物中发现了强烈的负体大小与生态位宽度关系，这表明较大的多年生物种更依赖于特定温度范围才能成功达到滞育。我们的分析表明，pe足类特征与自然种群中已实现的生态位之间存在很强的联系。

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